50g

Hi, I am new to the group. I joined to learn more about the powerful calculator that we have chosen. It would seem that a simple editor could be written to run on a PC if accurate translation of characters could be achieved. While a character map could be constructed by keying in characters and saving them to a file, it would seem to be less time consuming to first inquire if anyone has come up with one. One or two translation programs exist on a website for the HP49/50g. I have not tested these. If nothing else, these might work as a basis for the translation.

gary

I'm not sure what you want to do. The ASCII characters on the hp50 are no different from the PC, I think. And translating those char above 0x7f to ASCII doesn't make much sense. Maybe you can explain what you want to accomplish.

If you just want an easy way to enter the special symbols, you can use a development program like Debug4x...
http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=5441

Or, you can try using an hp48 font with something like Word to write your programs. Search www.hpcalc.org for TrueType to find some fonts. I think there's also one in Postscript.

Or, you can just memorize the digraphs (like \v/ and \|> etc.) and use any text editor. This is may be the simplest approach.

Below is a list of digraphs with their char codes I got from the Debug4x documentation...

Hex
Dec DiGraph
Description

1F
31 \1F

5C
92 \\
backslash

80
128 \<)
angle symbol

81
129 \x-
x with a bar

82
130 \.V
nabla operator

83
131 \v/
square root

84
132 \.S
integral symbol

85
133 \GS
Sigma

86
134 \|>
Bold triangle right

87
135 \pi
pi

88
136 \.d
derivative symbol

89
137 \<=
less or equal

8A
138 \>=
greater or equal

8B
139 \=/
unequal

8C
140 \Ga
alpha

8D
141 \->
right arrow

8E
142 \<-
left arrow

8F
143 \|v
down arrow

90
144 \|^
up arrow

91
145 \Gg
gamma

92
146 \Gd
delta

93
147 \Ge
epsilon

94
148 \Gn
eta

95
149 \Gh
theta

96
150 \Gl
lamda

97
151 \Gr
rho

98
152 \Gs
sigma

99
153 \Gt
tau

9A
154 \Gw
omega

9B
155 \GD
delta

9C
156 \PI
capital pi

9D
157 \GW
omega

9E
158 \[]
block cursor

9F
159 \oo
infinity

A4
164 \oX
BINT symbol (non-standard)

AB
171 \<<
program delimiters

B0
176 \^o
degree

BB
187 \>>

D7
215 \.x
multiplication

D8
216 \0/
empty set

DF
223 \Gb
beta

F7
247 \:-
divide




ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker

--- On Wed, 12/30/09, garyokada@... <garyokada@...> wrote:

> From: garyokada@... <garyokada@...>
> Subject: [50g] Character map for translation to ASCII
> To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Wednesday, December 30, 2009, 6:19 PM
> Hi, I am new to the group.  I
> joined to learn more about the powerful calculator that we
> have chosen.  It would seem that a simple editor could
> be written to run on a PC if accurate translation of
> characters could be achieved.  While a character map
> could be constructed by keying in characters and saving them
> to a file, it would seem to be less time consuming to first
> inquire if anyone has come up with one.  One or two
> translation programs exist on a website for the
> HP49/50g.  I have not tested these.  If nothing
> else, these might work as a basis for the translation.
>
> gary

Well, maybe I'm just way out in left field on this one then. Thanks for the help!

When viewing programs from the HP50g, very little looks like plain ASCII. Sure, some characters are plain ASCII, but there is the matter of what appears to be a standard header and footer, although it has not been completely ruled out that part of the header and footer are some sort of translation of << and >> which must be in the simplest (empty) program. When a program "<< A >>" is viewed as HEX on a PC in Vista, there are an extra 7 bytes, including an ASCII 'A' (41 HEX). Changing the variable to 'B' does cause a change of only that character to 'B' (42 HEX). However, a program of "<< -> A << A >> >>" comes up completely different, with only the first 'A' represented in ASCII. A program of "<< A;B >>" has 11 more characters than the program with only the variable 'A', and 42 HEX (nor 38 HEX for that matter) is not one of them. A program of "<< << >> >>" has 20 more characters than the simplest program of "<< >>". BTW, the spaces are added for legibility and are not deliberately added into the programs described.

Maybe that digraph chart might make sense later, but at the most elemental level everything seems way different at this stage.

Perhaps there is another level of translation when using tools in Debug4x...? There was an issue when attempting to install Debug4x... on the Vista setup. Without a suitable serial cable (and a missing IR accessory), it didn't make much sense to continue.

The nascent plan was to write a simple text editor in Java to read and write files on a PC in Vista that could be simply copied to and from an SD card.

--- In 50g@yahoogroups.com, Don Hart <ddhart1@...> wrote:
>
> I'm not sure what you want to do. The ASCII characters on the hp50 are no different from the PC, I think. And translating those char above 0x7f to ASCII doesn't make much sense. Maybe you can explain what you want to accomplish.
>
> If you just want an easy way to enter the special symbols, you can use a development program like Debug4x...
> http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=5441
>
> Or, you can try using an hp48 font with something like Word to write your programs. Search www.hpcalc.org for TrueType to find some fonts. I think there's also one in Postscript.
>
> Or, you can just memorize the digraphs (like \v/ and \|> etc.) and use any text editor. This is may be the simplest approach.
>
> Below is a list of digraphs with their char codes I got from the Debug4x documentation...
>
> Hex
> Dec DiGraph
> Description
>
> 1F
> 31 \1F
>
> 5C
> 92 \\
> backslash
>
> 80
> 128 \<)
> angle symbol
>
> 81
> 129 \x-
> x with a bar
>
> 82
> 130 \.V
> nabla operator
>
> 83
> 131 \v/
> square root
>
> 84
> 132 \.S
> integral symbol
>
> 85
> 133 \GS
> Sigma
>
> 86
> 134 \|>
> Bold triangle right
>
> 87
> 135 \pi
> pi
>
> 88
> 136 \.d
> derivative symbol
>
> 89
> 137 \<=
> less or equal
>
> 8A
> 138 \>=
> greater or equal
>
> 8B
> 139 \=/
> unequal
>
> 8C
> 140 \Ga
> alpha
>
> 8D
> 141 \->
> right arrow
>
> 8E
> 142 \<-
> left arrow
>
> 8F
> 143 \|v
> down arrow
>
> 90
> 144 \|^
> up arrow
>
> 91
> 145 \Gg
> gamma
>
> 92
> 146 \Gd
> delta
>
> 93
> 147 \Ge
> epsilon
>
> 94
> 148 \Gn
> eta
>
> 95
> 149 \Gh
> theta
>
> 96
> 150 \Gl
> lamda
>
> 97
> 151 \Gr
> rho
>
> 98
> 152 \Gs
> sigma
>
> 99
> 153 \Gt
> tau
>
> 9A
> 154 \Gw
> omega
>
> 9B
> 155 \GD
> delta
>
> 9C
> 156 \PI
> capital pi
>
> 9D
> 157 \GW
> omega
>
> 9E
> 158 \[]
> block cursor
>
> 9F
> 159 \oo
> infinity
>
> A4
> 164 \oX
> BINT symbol (non-standard)
>
> AB
> 171 \<<
> program delimiters
>
> B0
> 176 \^o
> degree
>
> BB
> 187 \>>
>
> D7
> 215 \.x
> multiplication
>
> D8
> 216 \0/
> empty set
>
> DF
> 223 \Gb
> beta
>
> F7
> 247 \:-
> divide
>
>
>
>
> ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker
>
>
> --- On Wed, 12/30/09, garyokada@... <garyokada@...> wrote:
>
> > From: garyokada@... <garyokada@...>
> > Subject: [50g] Character map for translation to ASCII
> > To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> > Date: Wednesday, December 30, 2009, 6:19 PM
> > Hi, I am new to the group.  I
> > joined to learn more about the powerful calculator that we
> > have chosen.  It would seem that a simple editor could
> > be written to run on a PC if accurate translation of
> > characters could be achieved.  While a character map
> > could be constructed by keying in characters and saving them
> > to a file, it would seem to be less time consuming to first
> > inquire if anyone has come up with one.  One or two
> > translation programs exist on a website for the
> > HP49/50g.  I have not tested these.  If nothing
> > else, these might work as a basis for the translation.
> >
> > gary
>

Debug4x can toggle the display between showing the actual symbols or showing the digraphs. I can't remember where that option is, maybe under 'View'. With digraphs showing, it should be all ASCII.

I don't have a 50g so this is just what I heard. The CD that came with your 50g should have a program called Conn4x and drivers that use the USB port, serial RS232 cable not required. Using this program, you can transfer the program created by Debug4x to the calc.

I don't remember if Debug4x can save your program in plain text. But if it does, you should see the header similar to...
%%HP: T(3)A(D)F(.);
...and the T(3) tells the 50g how to interpret what Conn4x sends to it. The 3 means the program should have digraphs in it. When sending such a program, make sure the icon at the top of Conn4x is showing "ABC" not "010101".

If Debug4x can save your program as a compiled binary, then you can send it much faster to the 50g using Conn4x, but this time with "010101" selected.

If Debug4x can't save your program as a compiled binary, you can tell Debug4x to send it directly to the hp50g emulator that came with the package. Then use the emulator to save it as a binary by putting the program on the stack and using "save object" under the 'View' menu.

That should help get you going and maybe others will chime in with more tips. Debug4x is really a pretty good tool for User RPL but it's perhaps more useful for Sys RPL & assembler programming. That's why I suggested you may get by using a plain text editor (like Notepad in Windows) on a file with digraphs. Then you only need Conn4x to transfer it to your 50g.

Have fun.

~~~
ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker

--- On Tue, 1/5/10, garyokada@... <moviefan@...> wrote:

> From: garyokada@... <moviefan@...>
> Subject: [50g] Re: Character map for translation to ASCII
> To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Tuesday, January 5, 2010, 9:30 PM
>
>
> Well, maybe I'm just way out in left field on this one
> then.  Thanks for the help!
>
> When viewing programs from the HP50g, very little looks
> like plain ASCII.  Sure, some characters are plain
> ASCII, but there is the matter of what appears to be a
> standard header and footer, although it has not been
> completely ruled out that part of the header and footer are
> some sort of translation of << and >> which must
> be in the simplest (empty) program.  When a program
> "<< A >>" is viewed as HEX on a PC in Vista,
> there are an extra 7 bytes, including an ASCII 'A' (41
> HEX).  Changing the variable to 'B' does cause a change
> of only that character to 'B' (42 HEX).  However, a
> program of "<< -> A << A >> >>"
> comes up completely different, with only the first 'A'
> represented in ASCII.  A program of "<< A;B
> >>" has 11 more characters than the program with only
> the variable 'A', and 42 HEX (nor 38 HEX for that matter) is
> not one of them.  A program of "<< <<
> >> >>" has 20 more characters than the simplest
> program of "<< >>".  BTW, the spaces are
> added for legibility and are not deliberately added into the
> programs described.
>
> Maybe that digraph chart might make sense later, but at the
> most elemental level everything seems way different at this
> stage.
>
> Perhaps there is another level of translation when using
> tools in Debug4x...?  There was an issue when
> attempting to install Debug4x... on the Vista setup. 
> Without a suitable serial cable (and a missing IR
> accessory), it didn't make much sense to continue.
>
> The nascent plan was to write a simple text editor in Java
> to read and write files on a PC in Vista that could be
> simply copied to and from an SD card.

Thanks. I'll try it. I was becoming resigned to writing an ASCII text file with most of the major gist of the program to the SD card for copying to a directory on the HP 50g, where I would then edit the file adding the proper symbols.

--- In 50g@yahoogroups.com, Don Hart <ddhart1@...> wrote:
>
> Debug4x can toggle the display between showing the actual symbols or showing the digraphs. I can't remember where that option is, maybe under 'View'. With digraphs showing, it should be all ASCII.
>
> I don't have a 50g so this is just what I heard. The CD that came with your 50g should have a program called Conn4x and drivers that use the USB port, serial RS232 cable not required. Using this program, you can transfer the program created by Debug4x to the calc.
>
> I don't remember if Debug4x can save your program in plain text. But if it does, you should see the header similar to...
> %%HP: T(3)A(D)F(.);
> ...and the T(3) tells the 50g how to interpret what Conn4x sends to it. The 3 means the program should have digraphs in it. When sending such a program, make sure the icon at the top of Conn4x is showing "ABC" not "010101".
>
> If Debug4x can save your program as a compiled binary, then you can send it much faster to the 50g using Conn4x, but this time with "010101" selected.
>
> If Debug4x can't save your program as a compiled binary, you can tell Debug4x to send it directly to the hp50g emulator that came with the package. Then use the emulator to save it as a binary by putting the program on the stack and using "save object" under the 'View' menu.
>
> That should help get you going and maybe others will chime in with more tips. Debug4x is really a pretty good tool for User RPL but it's perhaps more useful for Sys RPL & assembler programming. That's why I suggested you may get by using a plain text editor (like Notepad in Windows) on a file with digraphs. Then you only need Conn4x to transfer it to your 50g.
>
> Have fun.
>
> ~~~
> ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker
>
>
> --- On Tue, 1/5/10, garyokada@... <moviefan@...> wrote:
>
> > From: garyokada@... <moviefan@...>
> > Subject: [50g] Re: Character map for translation to ASCII
> > To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> > Date: Tuesday, January 5, 2010, 9:30 PM
> >
> >
> > Well, maybe I'm just way out in left field on this one
> > then.  Thanks for the help!
> >
> > When viewing programs from the HP50g, very little looks
> > like plain ASCII.  Sure, some characters are plain
> > ASCII, but there is the matter of what appears to be a
> > standard header and footer, although it has not been
> > completely ruled out that part of the header and footer are
> > some sort of translation of << and >> which must
> > be in the simplest (empty) program.  When a program
> > "<< A >>" is viewed as HEX on a PC in Vista,
> > there are an extra 7 bytes, including an ASCII 'A' (41
> > HEX).  Changing the variable to 'B' does cause a change
> > of only that character to 'B' (42 HEX).  However, a
> > program of "<< -> A << A >> >>"
> > comes up completely different, with only the first 'A'
> > represented in ASCII.  A program of "<< A;B
> > >>" has 11 more characters than the program with only
> > the variable 'A', and 42 HEX (nor 38 HEX for that matter) is
> > not one of them.  A program of "<< <<
> > >> >>" has 20 more characters than the simplest
> > program of "<< >>".  BTW, the spaces are
> > added for legibility and are not deliberately added into the
> > programs described.
> >
> > Maybe that digraph chart might make sense later, but at the
> > most elemental level everything seems way different at this
> > stage.
> >
> > Perhaps there is another level of translation when using
> > tools in Debug4x...?  There was an issue when
> > attempting to install Debug4x... on the Vista setup. 
> > Without a suitable serial cable (and a missing IR
> > accessory), it didn't make much sense to continue.
> >
> > The nascent plan was to write a simple text editor in Java
> > to read and write files on a PC in Vista that could be
> > simply copied to and from an SD card.
>

Just be sure I didn't confuse you, you'll have to use the compiled binary version if you want to copy it to the SD card, the 50g won't know what to do with the ASCII version of the file. Also, I THINK you may have to put it in the root directory of the SD card, I'm not sure the 50g can navigate into DOS directories, but I could be wrong. Just be aware of that.

~~~
ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker

--- On Mon, 1/11/10, garyokada@... <moviefan@...> wrote:

> From: garyokada@... <moviefan@...>
> Subject: [50g] Re: Character map for translation to ASCII
> To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Monday, January 11, 2010, 4:59 PM
> Thanks.  I'll try it.  I
> was becoming resigned to writing an ASCII text file with
> most of the major gist of the program to the SD card for
> copying to a directory on the HP 50g, where I would then
> edit the file adding the proper symbols.
>
>
>
> --- In 50g@yahoogroups.com,
> Don Hart <ddhart1@...> wrote:
> >
> > Debug4x can toggle the display between showing the
> actual symbols or showing the digraphs. I can't remember
> where that option is, maybe under 'View'. With digraphs
> showing, it should be all ASCII.
> >
> > I don't have a 50g so this is just what I heard. The
> CD that came with your 50g should have a program called
> Conn4x and drivers that use the USB port, serial RS232 cable
> not required. Using this program, you can transfer the
> program created by Debug4x to the calc.
> >
> > I don't remember if Debug4x can save your program in
> plain text. But if it does, you should see the header
> similar to...
> > %%HP: T(3)A(D)F(.);
> > ...and the T(3) tells the 50g how to interpret what
> Conn4x sends to it. The 3 means the program should have
> digraphs in it. When sending such a program, make sure the
> icon at the top of Conn4x is showing "ABC" not "010101".
> >
> > If Debug4x can save your program as a compiled binary,
> then you can send it much faster to the 50g using Conn4x,
> but this time with "010101" selected.
> >
> > If Debug4x can't save your program as a compiled
> binary, you can tell Debug4x to send it directly to the
> hp50g emulator that came with the package. Then use the
> emulator to save it as a binary by putting the program on
> the stack and using "save object" under the 'View' menu.
> >
> > That should help get you going and maybe others will
> chime in with more tips. Debug4x is really a pretty good
> tool for User RPL but it's perhaps more useful for Sys RPL
> & assembler programming. That's why I suggested you may
> get by using a plain text editor (like Notepad in Windows)
> on a file with digraphs. Then you only need Conn4x to
> transfer it to your 50g.
> >
> > Have fun.
> >
> > ~~~
> > ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker
> >
> >
> > --- On Tue, 1/5/10, garyokada@... <moviefan@...>
> wrote:
> >
> > > From: garyokada@... <moviefan@...>
> > > Subject: [50g] Re: Character map for translation
> to ASCII
> > > To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> > > Date: Tuesday, January 5, 2010, 9:30 PM
> > >
> > >
> > > Well, maybe I'm just way out in left field on
> this one
> > > then.  Thanks for the help!
> > >
> > > When viewing programs from the HP50g, very little
> looks
> > > like plain ASCII.  Sure, some characters are
> plain
> > > ASCII, but there is the matter of what appears to
> be a
> > > standard header and footer, although it has not
> been
> > > completely ruled out that part of the header and
> footer are
> > > some sort of translation of << and >>
> which must
> > > be in the simplest (empty) program.  When a
> program
> > > "<< A >>" is viewed as HEX on a PC in
> Vista,
> > > there are an extra 7 bytes, including an ASCII
> 'A' (41
> > > HEX).  Changing the variable to 'B' does cause a
> change
> > > of only that character to 'B' (42 HEX). 
> However, a
> > > program of "<< -> A << A >>
> >>"
> > > comes up completely different, with only the
> first 'A'
> > > represented in ASCII.  A program of "<<
> A;B
> > > >>" has 11 more characters than the program
> with only
> > > the variable 'A', and 42 HEX (nor 38 HEX for that
> matter) is
> > > not one of them.  A program of "<<
> <<
> > > >> >>" has 20 more characters than
> the simplest
> > > program of "<< >>".  BTW, the spaces
> are
> > > added for legibility and are not deliberately
> added into the
> > > programs described.
> > >
> > > Maybe that digraph chart might make sense later,
> but at the
> > > most elemental level everything seems way
> different at this
> > > stage.
> > >
> > > Perhaps there is another level of translation
> when using
> > > tools in Debug4x...?  There was an issue when
> > > attempting to install Debug4x... on the Vista
> setup. 
> > > Without a suitable serial cable (and a missing
> IR
> > > accessory), it didn't make much sense to
> continue.
> > >
> > > The nascent plan was to write a simple text
> editor in Java
> > > to read and write files on a PC in Vista that
> could be
> > > simply copied to and from an SD card.

That is good to know about the compiled binary version. My interim solution was to enter verbose info like variable names, etc. into an ASCII text file copied onto the SD card. I haven't figured out a way to use directories on the SD card. That is a pain with a large number of formulas. It would be useful to be able to separate them into directories. Name length is painful as well. When I copy mid-sized named files from the SD card, everything is truncated at a few characters with a ~ (?) appended. This does not happen when copying from a directory to the SD card in the calculator. Renaming programs after a memory clear and restore from SD card can be time consuming. I have had problems with the connect program downloaded from various sources. I'm not sure where my CD that came with the calculator is presently.

Thanks for all of the help!

--- In 50g@yahoogroups.com, Don Hart <ddhart1@...> wrote:
>
> Just be sure I didn't confuse you, you'll have to use the compiled binary version if you want to copy it to the SD card, the 50g won't know what to do with the ASCII version of the file. Also, I THINK you may have to put it in the root directory of the SD card, I'm not sure the 50g can navigate into DOS directories, but I could be wrong. Just be aware of that.
>
> ~~~
> ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker
>
>
> --- On Mon, 1/11/10, garyokada@... <moviefan@...> wrote:
>
> > From: garyokada@... <moviefan@...>
> > Subject: [50g] Re: Character map for translation to ASCII
> > To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> > Date: Monday, January 11, 2010, 4:59 PM
> > Thanks.  I'll try it.  I
> > was becoming resigned to writing an ASCII text file with
> > most of the major gist of the program to the SD card for
> > copying to a directory on the HP 50g, where I would then
> > edit the file adding the proper symbols.
> >
> >
> >
> > --- In 50g@yahoogroups.com,
> > Don Hart <ddhart1@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Debug4x can toggle the display between showing the
> > actual symbols or showing the digraphs. I can't remember
> > where that option is, maybe under 'View'. With digraphs
> > showing, it should be all ASCII.
> > >
> > > I don't have a 50g so this is just what I heard. The
> > CD that came with your 50g should have a program called
> > Conn4x and drivers that use the USB port, serial RS232 cable
> > not required. Using this program, you can transfer the
> > program created by Debug4x to the calc.
> > >
> > > I don't remember if Debug4x can save your program in
> > plain text. But if it does, you should see the header
> > similar to...
> > > %%HP: T(3)A(D)F(.);
> > > ...and the T(3) tells the 50g how to interpret what
> > Conn4x sends to it. The 3 means the program should have
> > digraphs in it. When sending such a program, make sure the
> > icon at the top of Conn4x is showing "ABC" not "010101".
> > >
> > > If Debug4x can save your program as a compiled binary,
> > then you can send it much faster to the 50g using Conn4x,
> > but this time with "010101" selected.
> > >
> > > If Debug4x can't save your program as a compiled
> > binary, you can tell Debug4x to send it directly to the
> > hp50g emulator that came with the package. Then use the
> > emulator to save it as a binary by putting the program on
> > the stack and using "save object" under the 'View' menu.
> > >
> > > That should help get you going and maybe others will
> > chime in with more tips. Debug4x is really a pretty good
> > tool for User RPL but it's perhaps more useful for Sys RPL
> > & assembler programming. That's why I suggested you may
> > get by using a plain text editor (like Notepad in Windows)
> > on a file with digraphs. Then you only need Conn4x to
> > transfer it to your 50g.
> > >
> > > Have fun.
> > >
> > > ~~~
> > > ASCII shall receive, Hollerith and get it quicker
> > >
> > >
> > > --- On Tue, 1/5/10, garyokada@ <moviefan@>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > > From: garyokada@ <moviefan@>
> > > > Subject: [50g] Re: Character map for translation
> > to ASCII
> > > > To: 50g@yahoogroups.com
> > > > Date: Tuesday, January 5, 2010, 9:30 PM
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Well, maybe I'm just way out in left field on
> > this one
> > > > then.  Thanks for the help!
> > > >
> > > > When viewing programs from the HP50g, very little
> > looks
> > > > like plain ASCII.  Sure, some characters are
> > plain
> > > > ASCII, but there is the matter of what appears to
> > be a
> > > > standard header and footer, although it has not
> > been
> > > > completely ruled out that part of the header and
> > footer are
> > > > some sort of translation of << and >>
> > which must
> > > > be in the simplest (empty) program.  When a
> > program
> > > > "<< A >>" is viewed as HEX on a PC in
> > Vista,
> > > > there are an extra 7 bytes, including an ASCII
> > 'A' (41
> > > > HEX).  Changing the variable to 'B' does cause a
> > change
> > > > of only that character to 'B' (42 HEX). 
> > However, a
> > > > program of "<< -> A << A >>
> > >>"
> > > > comes up completely different, with only the
> > first 'A'
> > > > represented in ASCII.  A program of "<<
> > A;B
> > > > >>" has 11 more characters than the program
> > with only
> > > > the variable 'A', and 42 HEX (nor 38 HEX for that
> > matter) is
> > > > not one of them.  A program of "<<
> > <<
> > > > >> >>" has 20 more characters than
> > the simplest
> > > > program of "<< >>".  BTW, the spaces
> > are
> > > > added for legibility and are not deliberately
> > added into the
> > > > programs described.
> > > >
> > > > Maybe that digraph chart might make sense later,
> > but at the
> > > > most elemental level everything seems way
> > different at this
> > > > stage.
> > > >
> > > > Perhaps there is another level of translation
> > when using
> > > > tools in Debug4x...?  There was an issue when
> > > > attempting to install Debug4x... on the Vista
> > setup. 
> > > > Without a suitable serial cable (and a missing
> > IR
> > > > accessory), it didn't make much sense to
> > continue.
> > > >
> > > > The nascent plan was to write a simple text
> > editor in Java
> > > > to read and write files on a PC in Vista that
> > could be
> > > > simply copied to and from an SD card.
>