Korg Mono/Poly

> hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and come here
> for help...

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Florian Anwander <fanwander@...> wrote:
>
> Hello Johan,
>
> welcome to the group!
>
> Comment from new user:
> > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and come here
> > for help...
>
> Let us know what you want to modify.
>
> Florian
>

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "Alain" <hubertalain@...> wrote:
>
> Yes Johan, welcome!
>
> I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as either MG1 or MG2...
>
> Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
>
> Alain.
>
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Florian Anwander <fanwander@> wrote:
> >
> > Hello Johan,
> >
> > welcome to the group!
> >
> > Comment from new user:
> > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and come here
> > > for help...
> >
> > Let us know what you want to modify.
> >
> > Florian
> >
>

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@...> wrote:
>
> Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
>
> Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
>
> VCO->Cutoff FM
> VCO->VCA FM
> VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
>
> Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409
>
> I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
>
>
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> >
> > Yes Johan, welcome!
> >
> > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as either MG1 or MG2...
> >
> > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> >
> > Alain.
> >
> >
> > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Florian Anwander <fanwander@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello Johan,
> > >
> > > welcome to the group!
> > >
> > > Comment from new user:
> > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and come here
> > > > for help...
> > >
> > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > >
> > > Florian
> > >
> >
>

 

Good mod choices, Johan.
I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more elegant solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.

A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one (or more) of them.

For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.

The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly passed a certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).

Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out of the low end.

Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to engineer them from scratch ?

Alain.

--- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@ ...> wrote:
>
> Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
>
> Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
>
> VCO->Cutoff FM
> VCO->VCA FM
> VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
>
> Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd- el.cz/index. php?id=409
>
> I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
>
>
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "Alain" <hubertalain@ > wrote:
> >
> > Yes Johan, welcome!
> >
> > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as either MG1 or MG2...
> >
> > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> >
> > Alain.
> >
> >
> > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, Florian Anwander <fanwander@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello Johan,
> > >
> > > welcome to the group!
> > >
> > > Comment from new user:
> > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and come here
> > > > for help...
> > >
> > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > >
> > > Florian
> > >
> >
>

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Sophie Caroline Bernhard <sophiebernhard@...> wrote:
>
> Hi Johan, Alain and all,
>
> I have to admit it, I am a littler lost with modifications
>
> Where could I get some infos to understand better about those
> modifications Johan wants to make?
> Is there a book, a course (a secret potion)?
>
> Many thanks in advance for your time in this
>
> Sophie
>
>
>
> On 11 Feb 2010, at 21:51, "Alain" <hubertalain@...> wrote:
>
> > Good mod choices, Johan.
> > I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a
> > bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more elegant
> > solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.
> >
> > A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the
> > VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to
> > impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one
> > (or more) of them.
> >
> > For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever
> > you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available
> > (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP
> > socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have
> > their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.
> >
> > The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that
> > doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly passed a
> > certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).
> >
> > Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out
> > of the low end.
> >
> > Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to
> > engineer them from scratch ?
> >
> > Alain.
> >
> > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
> > >
> > > Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
> > >
> > > VCO->Cutoff FM
> > > VCO->VCA FM
> > > VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> > > LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > > Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > > Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > >
> > > Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi
> > Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409
> > >
> > > I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple
> > on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so
> > on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working
> > on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Yes Johan, welcome!
> > > >
> > > > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator
> > trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > > > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as
> > either MG1 or MG2...
> > > >
> > > > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> > > >
> > > > Alain.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Florian Anwander
> > <fanwander@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hello Johan,
> > > > >
> > > > > welcome to the group!
> > > > >
> > > > > Comment from new user:
> > > > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and
> > come here
> > > > > > for help...
> > > > >
> > > > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > > > >
> > > > > Florian
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
> >
>

> 1-VCO -> Cutoff FM
>
> Would take the output of the oscillators, and control the frequency of the filter cutoff. That would result in FM (audio frequency modulation) of the filter. The equivalent of turning the cutoff knob really really fast.

> 2-VCO -> VCA FM
>
> Same principle, but controlling the volume instead of the filter cutoff. (actually that would be technically called AM, not FM, for amplitude modulation)

> 3-VCO1 -> VCO(x) FM
>
> Taking the output of oscillator 1 to control the pitch of other oscillators. Frequency modulating other VCOs. (Like you can already do now with MG1 controlling the pitch but much, much faster)

From: JohanI <johan.inkinen@yahoo.com>
Subject: [korg_mono-poly] Re: New member Johan Inkinen - help for Modifications
To: korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
Date: Thursday, 11 February, 2010, 20:38

 

Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)

Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:

VCO->Cutoff FM
VCO->VCA FM
VCO1->VCO(x) FM
LFO speeds increase by adding caps
Audio in -> VCF/VCA
Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square

Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd- el.cz/index. php?id=409

I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.

--- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "Alain" <hubertalain@ ...> wrote:
>
> Yes Johan, welcome!
>
> I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as either MG1 or MG2...
>
> Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
>
> Alain.
>
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, Florian Anwander <fanwander@> wrote:
> >
> > Hello Johan,
> >
> > welcome to the group!
> >
> > Comment from new user:
> > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and come here
> > > for help...
> >
> > Let us know what you want to modify.
> >
> > Florian
> >
>

> that lfo speed mod is also quite useless to make. you can get crazy
> speed lfo's on mg-1 bu carefully placing the mg-1 waveform selector
> between the two saw waveforms.
> and you can route that superfast lfo with the mg1 modwheel to the filter
> or to the pitch, and also the effects section uses that particular mg.
> no need for a superfast mg-2 imho.

> is that vcf>fm mod something that you can not acchieve with that lfo
> trick + effects section really?

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "Alain" <hubertalain@...> wrote:
>
> Hello Sophie.
>
> Well, is it simply the terms used that you don't quite get, like VCO, VCF, FM, and such ?
> Or is it what the result of those mods would be ?
> Or maybe a combination of the two ?
>
> Let's take them one by one:
>
> 1-VCO -> Cutoff FM
>
> Would take the output of the oscillators, and control the frequency of the filter cutoff. That would result in FM (audio frequency modulation) of the filter. The equivalent of turning the cutoff knob really really fast.
>
> 2-VCO -> VCA FM
>
> Same principle, but controlling the volume instead of the filter cutoff. (actually that would be technically called AM, not FM, for amplitude modulation)
>
> 3-VCO1 -> VCO(x) FM
>
> Taking the output of oscillator 1 to control the pitch of other oscillators. Frequency modulating other VCOs. (Like you can already do now with MG1 controlling the pitch but much, much faster)
>
> 4-LFO speeds increase by adding caps
>
> Getting faster speeds from MG1 or MG2 by adding, or better yet changing values of, timing capacitors (or resistors) in the electronic circuits that compose those LFOs. Which ones ?
> Well to know that, you have to have some technical knowledge or background in electronics.
>
> 5- Audio in -> VCF/VCA
>
> Add a connector to allow external signals (other synths, electric guitar, etc...) to pass through the filter (VCF), or final amp (VCA) for using the MP as an "effect" box.
>
> 6-Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
>
> Build additional circuits to effectively add sub-oscillators (oscillators playing one or more octave bellow the source) to each of the square wave output of the oscillators.
>
>
> Hope this helps a little...
>
>
> Alain.
>
>
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Sophie Caroline Bernhard <sophiebernhard@> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Johan, Alain and all,
> >
> > I have to admit it, I am a littler lost with modifications
> >
> > Where could I get some infos to understand better about those
> > modifications Johan wants to make?
> > Is there a book, a course (a secret potion)?
> >
> > Many thanks in advance for your time in this
> >
> > Sophie
> >
> >
> >
> > On 11 Feb 2010, at 21:51, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> >
> > > Good mod choices, Johan.
> > > I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a
> > > bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more elegant
> > > solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.
> > >
> > > A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the
> > > VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to
> > > impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one
> > > (or more) of them.
> > >
> > > For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever
> > > you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available
> > > (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP
> > > socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have
> > > their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.
> > >
> > > The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that
> > > doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly passed a
> > > certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).
> > >
> > > Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out
> > > of the low end.
> > >
> > > Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to
> > > engineer them from scratch ?
> > >
> > > Alain.
> > >
> > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@>
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
> > > >
> > > > Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
> > > >
> > > > VCO->Cutoff FM
> > > > VCO->VCA FM
> > > > VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> > > > LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > > > Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > > > Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > > >
> > > > Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi
> > > Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409
> > > >
> > > > I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple
> > > on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so
> > > on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working
> > > on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Yes Johan, welcome!
> > > > >
> > > > > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator
> > > trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > > > > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as
> > > either MG1 or MG2...
> > > > >
> > > > > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> > > > >
> > > > > Alain.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Florian Anwander
> > > <fanwander@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hello Johan,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > welcome to the group!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Comment from new user:
> > > > > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and
> > > come here
> > > > > > > for help...
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Florian
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> >
>

>
> Hi Alain,
>
> and thank you so much for this clarification. I know what an
> oscillator or a filter is, but I have to admit that I could do with a
> bit more knowledge.
>
> In fact, I always wonder as to how to get some more knowledge about
> synthesis and haven't found anything suiting my needs yet, really:
> either one has to look into books - and sometimes things can be a bit
> too abstract - or one can attend courses but apart from the online
> Berklee College in the US (that promotes learning via softwares such
> as Reason and Absynth) I haven't found anything.
>
> How did you (Alain and all of you reading this) acquire you knowledge
> about synthesis, apart from your own trying and tweaking?
>
> Thanks for reading!
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, "Alain" <hubertalain@...>
> wrote:
> >
> > Hello Sophie.
> >
> > Well, is it simply the terms used that you don't quite get, like
> VCO, VCF, FM, and such ?
> > Or is it what the result of those mods would be ?
> > Or maybe a combination of the two ?
> >
> > Let's take them one by one:
> >
> > 1-VCO -> Cutoff FM
> >
> > Would take the output of the oscillators, and control the frequency
> of the filter cutoff. That would result in FM (audio frequency
> modulation) of the filter. The equivalent of turning the cutoff knob
> really really fast.
> >
> > 2-VCO -> VCA FM
> >
> > Same principle, but controlling the volume instead of the filter
> cutoff. (actually that would be technically called AM, not FM, for
> amplitude modulation)
> >
> > 3-VCO1 -> VCO(x) FM
> >
> > Taking the output of oscillator 1 to control the pitch of other
> oscillators. Frequency modulating other VCOs. (Like you can already do
> now with MG1 controlling the pitch but much, much faster)
> >
> > 4-LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> >
> > Getting faster speeds from MG1 or MG2 by adding, or better yet
> changing values of, timing capacitors (or resistors) in the electronic
> circuits that compose those LFOs. Which ones ?
> > Well to know that, you have to have some technical knowledge or
> background in electronics.
> >
> > 5- Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> >
> > Add a connector to allow external signals (other synths, electric
> guitar, etc...) to pass through the filter (VCF), or final amp (VCA)
> for using the MP as an "effect" box.
> >
> > 6-Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> >
> > Build additional circuits to effectively add sub-oscillators
> (oscillators playing one or more octave bellow the source) to each of
> the square wave output of the oscillators.
> >
> >
> > Hope this helps a little...
> >
> >
> > Alain.
> >
> >
> >
> > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, Sophie Caroline Bernhard
> <sophiebernhard@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Johan, Alain and all,
> > >
> > > I have to admit it, I am a littler lost with modifications
> > >
> > > Where could I get some infos to understand better about those
> > > modifications Johan wants to make?
> > > Is there a book, a course (a secret potion)?
> > >
> > > Many thanks in advance for your time in this
> > >
> > > Sophie
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On 11 Feb 2010, at 21:51, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> > >
> > > > Good mod choices, Johan.
> > > > I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a
> > > > bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more
> elegant
> > > > solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.
> > > >
> > > > A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the
> > > > VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to
> > > > impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one
> > > > (or more) of them.
> > > >
> > > > For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever
> > > > you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available
> > > > (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP
> > > > socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have
> > > > their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.
> > > >
> > > > The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that
> > > > doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly
> passed a
> > > > certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).
> > > >
> > > > Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out
> > > > of the low end.
> > > >
> > > > Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to
> > > > engineer them from scratch ?
> > > >
> > > > Alain.
> > > >
> > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@>
> > > > wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
> > > > >
> > > > > Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
> > > > >
> > > > > VCO->Cutoff FM
> > > > > VCO->VCA FM
> > > > > VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> > > > > LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > > > > Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > > > > Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > > > >
> > > > > Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi
> > > > Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409
> <http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409>
> > > > >
> > > > > I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple
> > > > on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800
> and so
> > > > on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working
> > > > on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Yes Johan, welcome!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator
> > > > trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > > > > > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as
> > > > either MG1 or MG2...
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Alain.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, Florian Anwander
> > > > <fanwander@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hello Johan,
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > welcome to the group!
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Comment from new user:
> > > > > > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and
> > > > come here
> > > > > > > > for help...
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Florian
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
>
>

From: lakaband_in_uk <sophiebernhard@hotmail.com>
Subject: [korg_mono-poly] Re: New member Johan Inkinen - help for Modifications
To: korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
Date: Friday, 12 February, 2010, 12:36

 

Hi Alain,

and thank you so much for this clarification. I know what an oscillator or a filter is, but I have to admit that I could do with a bit more knowledge.

In fact, I always wonder as to how to get some more knowledge about synthesis and haven't found anything suiting my needs yet, really: either one has to look into books - and sometimes things can be a bit too abstract - or one can attend courses but apart from the online Berklee College in the US (that promotes learning via softwares such as Reason and Absynth) I haven't found anything.

How did you (Alain and all of you reading this) acquire you knowledge about synthesis, apart from your own trying and tweaking?

Thanks for reading!

--- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "Alain" <hubertalain@ ...> wrote:
>
> Hello Sophie.
>
> Well, is it simply the terms used that you don't quite get, like VCO, VCF, FM, and such ?
> Or is it what the result of those mods would be ?
> Or maybe a combination of the two ?
>
> Let's take them one by one:
>
> 1-VCO -> Cutoff FM
>
> Would take the output of the oscillators, and control the frequency of the filter cutoff. That would result in FM (audio frequency modulation) of the filter. The equivalent of turning the cutoff knob really really fast.
>
> 2-VCO -> VCA FM
>
> Same principle, but controlling the volume instead of the filter cutoff. (actually that would be technically called AM, not FM, for amplitude modulation)
>
> 3-VCO1 -> VCO(x) FM
>
> Taking the output of oscillator 1 to control the pitch of other oscillators. Frequency modulating other VCOs. (Like you can already do now with MG1 controlling the pitch but much, much faster)
>
> 4-LFO speeds increase by adding caps
>
> Getting faster speeds from MG1 or MG2 by adding, or better yet changing values of, timing capacitors (or resistors) in the electronic circuits that compose those LFOs. Which ones ?
> Well to know that, you have to have some technical knowledge or background in electronics.
>
> 5- Audio in -> VCF/VCA
>
> Add a connector to allow external signals (other synths, electric guitar, etc...) to pass through the filter (VCF), or final amp (VCA) for using the MP as an "effect" box.
>
> 6-Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
>
> Build additional circuits to effectively add sub-oscillators (oscillators playing one or more octave bellow the source) to each of the square wave output of the oscillators.
>
>
> Hope this helps a little...
>
>
> Alain.
>
>
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, Sophie Caroline Bernhard <sophiebernhard@ > wrote:
> >
> > Hi Johan, Alain and all,
> >
> > I have to admit it, I am a littler lost with modifications
> >
> > Where could I get some infos to understand better about those
> > modifications Johan wants to make?
> > Is there a book, a course (a secret potion)?
> >
> > Many thanks in advance for your time in this
> >
> > Sophie
> >
> >
> >
> > On 11 Feb 2010, at 21:51, "Alain" <hubertalain@ > wrote:
> >
> > > Good mod choices, Johan.
> > > I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a
> > > bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more elegant
> > > solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.
> > >
> > > A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the
> > > VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to
> > > impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one
> > > (or more) of them.
> > >
> > > For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever
> > > you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available
> > > (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP
> > > socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have
> > > their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.
> > >
> > > The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that
> > > doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly passed a
> > > certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).
> > >
> > > Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out
> > > of the low end.
> > >
> > > Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to
> > > engineer them from scratch ?
> > >
> > > Alain.
> > >
> > > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@ >
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
> > > >
> > > > Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
> > > >
> > > > VCO->Cutoff FM
> > > > VCO->VCA FM
> > > > VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> > > > LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > > > Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > > > Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > > >
> > > > Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi
> > > Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd- el.cz/index. php?id=409
> > > >
> > > > I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple
> > > on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so
> > > on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working
> > > on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "Alain" <hubertalain@ > wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Yes Johan, welcome!
> > > > >
> > > > > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator
> > > trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > > > > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as
> > > either MG1 or MG2...
> > > > >
> > > > > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> > > > >
> > > > > Alain.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, Florian Anwander
> > > <fanwander@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hello Johan,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > welcome to the group!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Comment from new user:
> > > > > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and
> > > come here
> > > > > > > for help...
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Florian
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> >
>

From: Michael Diekmann <crc@substanssi.net>
Subject: Re: [korg_mono-poly] Re: New member Johan Inkinen - help for Modifications
To: korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
Date: Friday, 12 February, 2010, 12:14

 

that lfo speed mod is also quite useless to make. you can get crazy
speed lfo's on mg-1 bu carefully placing the mg-1 waveform selector
between the two saw waveforms.
and you can route that superfast lfo with the mg1 modwheel to the filter
or to the pitch, and also the effects section uses that particular mg.
no need for a superfast mg-2 imho.

i would only midify the mono/poly with that chd elektro midi kit, and
maybe that s/h waveform thingie, altho i already get a s/h waveform with
my kentron pro solo.
is that vcf>fm mod something that you can not acchieve with that lfo
trick + effects section really?

that subosc mod seems like overkill since you already have 4 oscs. you
can make the sound with 1-3 oscs, and use a the fourth osc an octave
lower than the rest (with triangle or square it works nicely, but if you
use triangle, remember to mix it louder than the other oscs for maximum
effect!) and i usually have to turn down two oscs when recording stuff.
othervise it won't fit the mix properly.

just my thoughts about modding the good old mono/poly.

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Valery Carpentier <vcarpentiermailinglists@...> wrote:
>
> Hi Sophie,
>
> The "Synth secrets" series on the Sound on Sound website is a very good
> start to understanding synthesis
>
> http://www.soundonsound.com/search?url=%2Fsearch&Section=8&Subject=12
>
> A lot of other very good articles there as well.
>
> You could also do worse than download the Nord Modular G2 demo and play
> with it, as you will be building your own (software) synths and apply
> what you've learned in the Synth Secrets articles.
>
> http://www.nordkeyboards.com/main.asp?tm=Downloads&cldwn=Nord_Modular_G2&osdwn=osw
>
> Then it is just a case of applying that knowledge to the MP, some of the
> names are slightly different.
>
> Vale
>
> lakaband_in_uk wrote:
> >
> > Hi Alain,
> >
> > and thank you so much for this clarification. I know what an
> > oscillator or a filter is, but I have to admit that I could do with a
> > bit more knowledge.
> >
> > In fact, I always wonder as to how to get some more knowledge about
> > synthesis and haven't found anything suiting my needs yet, really:
> > either one has to look into books - and sometimes things can be a bit
> > too abstract - or one can attend courses but apart from the online
> > Berklee College in the US (that promotes learning via softwares such
> > as Reason and Absynth) I haven't found anything.
> >
> > How did you (Alain and all of you reading this) acquire you knowledge
> > about synthesis, apart from your own trying and tweaking?
> >
> > Thanks for reading!
> >
> > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> > <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, "Alain" <hubertalain@>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello Sophie.
> > >
> > > Well, is it simply the terms used that you don't quite get, like
> > VCO, VCF, FM, and such ?
> > > Or is it what the result of those mods would be ?
> > > Or maybe a combination of the two ?
> > >
> > > Let's take them one by one:
> > >
> > > 1-VCO -> Cutoff FM
> > >
> > > Would take the output of the oscillators, and control the frequency
> > of the filter cutoff. That would result in FM (audio frequency
> > modulation) of the filter. The equivalent of turning the cutoff knob
> > really really fast.
> > >
> > > 2-VCO -> VCA FM
> > >
> > > Same principle, but controlling the volume instead of the filter
> > cutoff. (actually that would be technically called AM, not FM, for
> > amplitude modulation)
> > >
> > > 3-VCO1 -> VCO(x) FM
> > >
> > > Taking the output of oscillator 1 to control the pitch of other
> > oscillators. Frequency modulating other VCOs. (Like you can already do
> > now with MG1 controlling the pitch but much, much faster)
> > >
> > > 4-LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > >
> > > Getting faster speeds from MG1 or MG2 by adding, or better yet
> > changing values of, timing capacitors (or resistors) in the electronic
> > circuits that compose those LFOs. Which ones ?
> > > Well to know that, you have to have some technical knowledge or
> > background in electronics.
> > >
> > > 5- Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > >
> > > Add a connector to allow external signals (other synths, electric
> > guitar, etc...) to pass through the filter (VCF), or final amp (VCA)
> > for using the MP as an "effect" box.
> > >
> > > 6-Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > >
> > > Build additional circuits to effectively add sub-oscillators
> > (oscillators playing one or more octave bellow the source) to each of
> > the square wave output of the oscillators.
> > >
> > >
> > > Hope this helps a little...
> > >
> > >
> > > Alain.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> > <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, Sophie Caroline Bernhard
> > <sophiebernhard@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Johan, Alain and all,
> > > >
> > > > I have to admit it, I am a littler lost with modifications
> > > >
> > > > Where could I get some infos to understand better about those
> > > > modifications Johan wants to make?
> > > > Is there a book, a course (a secret potion)?
> > > >
> > > > Many thanks in advance for your time in this
> > > >
> > > > Sophie
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On 11 Feb 2010, at 21:51, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Good mod choices, Johan.
> > > > > I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a
> > > > > bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more
> > elegant
> > > > > solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.
> > > > >
> > > > > A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the
> > > > > VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to
> > > > > impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one
> > > > > (or more) of them.
> > > > >
> > > > > For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever
> > > > > you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available
> > > > > (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP
> > > > > socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have
> > > > > their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.
> > > > >
> > > > > The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that
> > > > > doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly
> > passed a
> > > > > certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).
> > > > >
> > > > > Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out
> > > > > of the low end.
> > > > >
> > > > > Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to
> > > > > engineer them from scratch ?
> > > > >
> > > > > Alain.
> > > > >
> > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> > <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@>
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > VCO->Cutoff FM
> > > > > > VCO->VCA FM
> > > > > > VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> > > > > > LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > > > > > Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > > > > > Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi
> > > > > Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409
> > <http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409>
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple
> > > > > on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800
> > and so
> > > > > on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working
> > > > > on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> > <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, "Alain" <hubertalain@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Yes Johan, welcome!
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator
> > > > > trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > > > > > > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as
> > > > > either MG1 or MG2...
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Alain.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> > <mailto:korg_mono-poly%40yahoogroups.com>, Florian Anwander
> > > > > <fanwander@> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hello Johan,
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > welcome to the group!
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Comment from new user:
> > > > > > > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and
> > > > > come here
> > > > > > > > > for help...
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Florian
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
> >
>

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Alan Dicker <alanmdicker@...> wrote:
>
> Totally acquired by playing around with the machines in question both of the synthesis front and on the electronics front and reading up on it at the time.  I could read and read a book on electronic font to back and not understand it until you were under the hood of a synth with the actually objects in front of you.
> As for synthesis I've been writing music with them for 12 years and I'm still learning in all areas of production.  the explanation of one thing wont make sense until you know the explanation of another.  take addictive synthesis for instance.  Until you have learned how a waveform shape is made up of particular sine wave harmonics additive synthesis wont make sense.  once you do understand that the concept of subtractive synthesis or the removal or harmonics through filtering then makes even more sense.  then there is the whole other world of FM. phase distortion and so on. 
> Things just start fit in to place one by one and I find teaching your self means you learn everything allot more fundamentally than if you were just being told it.
>  
> Googel is the teacher ;o)
>
> --- On Fri, 12/2/10, lakaband_in_uk <sophiebernhard@...> wrote:
>
>
> From: lakaband_in_uk <sophiebernhard@...>
> Subject: [korg_mono-poly] Re: New member Johan Inkinen - help for Modifications
> To: korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Friday, 12 February, 2010, 12:36
>
>
>  
>
>
>
> Hi Alain,
>
> and thank you so much for this clarification. I know what an oscillator or a filter is, but I have to admit that I could do with a bit more knowledge.
>
> In fact, I always wonder as to how to get some more knowledge about synthesis and haven't found anything suiting my needs yet, really: either one has to look into books - and sometimes things can be a bit too abstract - or one can attend courses but apart from the online Berklee College in the US (that promotes learning via softwares such as Reason and Absynth) I haven't found anything.
>
> How did you (Alain and all of you reading this) acquire you knowledge about synthesis, apart from your own trying and tweaking?
>
> Thanks for reading!
>
> --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "Alain" <hubertalain@ ...> wrote:
> >
> > Hello Sophie.
> >
> > Well, is it simply the terms used that you don't quite get, like VCO, VCF, FM, and such ?
> > Or is it what the result of those mods would be ?
> > Or maybe a combination of the two ?
> >
> > Let's take them one by one:
> >
> > 1-VCO -> Cutoff FM
> >
> > Would take the output of the oscillators, and control the frequency of the filter cutoff. That would result in FM (audio frequency modulation) of the filter. The equivalent of turning the cutoff knob really really fast.
> >
> > 2-VCO -> VCA FM
> >
> > Same principle, but controlling the volume instead of the filter cutoff. (actually that would be technically called AM, not FM, for amplitude modulation)
> >
> > 3-VCO1 -> VCO(x) FM
> >
> > Taking the output of oscillator 1 to control the pitch of other oscillators. Frequency modulating other VCOs. (Like you can already do now with MG1 controlling the pitch but much, much faster)
> >
> > 4-LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> >
> > Getting faster speeds from MG1 or MG2 by adding, or better yet changing values of, timing capacitors (or resistors) in the electronic circuits that compose those LFOs. Which ones ?
> > Well to know that, you have to have some technical knowledge or background in electronics.
> >
> > 5- Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> >
> > Add a connector to allow external signals (other synths, electric guitar, etc...) to pass through the filter (VCF), or final amp (VCA) for using the MP as an "effect" box.
> >
> > 6-Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> >
> > Build additional circuits to effectively add sub-oscillators (oscillators playing one or more octave bellow the source) to each of the square wave output of the oscillators.
> >
> >
> > Hope this helps a little...
> >
> >
> > Alain.
> >
> >
> >
> > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, Sophie Caroline Bernhard <sophiebernhard@ > wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Johan, Alain and all,
> > >
> > > I have to admit it, I am a littler lost with modifications
> > >
> > > Where could I get some infos to understand better about those
> > > modifications Johan wants to make?
> > > Is there a book, a course (a secret potion)?
> > >
> > > Many thanks in advance for your time in this
> > >
> > > Sophie
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On 11 Feb 2010, at 21:51, "Alain" <hubertalain@ > wrote:
> > >
> > > > Good mod choices, Johan.
> > > > I like the CHD Elektro MIDI retrofit better than the Mungo. It's a
> > > > bit more expensive, but comes already complete and is a more elegant
> > > > solution for the MP. But that's only my personal opinion.
> > > >
> > > > A word of advice,if I may. When dealing with mods that concern the
> > > > VCOs, extra care must be taken, as those SSM2033 are close to
> > > > impossible to find as replacement chips, if ever a mod destroys one
> > > > (or more) of them.
> > > >
> > > > For this reason, I'd suggest starting with the filter mods. If ever
> > > > you inadvertently destroy the SSM2044, there are plenty available
> > > > (and inexpensive) on Ebay to replace it. Moreover, it is in a DIP
> > > > socket for easy removal. The SSM2033 are also in a socket, but have
> > > > their Tempco resistors glued on them and soldered to the main pcb.
> > > >
> > > > The LFO speed increase is entirely feasible, but also be aware that
> > > > doing so to MG2 might not trigger the arpeggiator correctly passed a
> > > > certain speed (cpu interrupt timing limitation).
> > > >
> > > > Sub-osc via divide is a great idea to get a little more "meat" out
> > > > of the low end.
> > > >
> > > > Do you have any schematics to start with, or are you going to
> > > > engineer them from scratch ?
> > > >
> > > > Alain.
> > > >
> > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "JohanI" <johan.inkinen@ >
> > > > wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
> > > > >
> > > > > Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
> > > > >
> > > > > VCO->Cutoff FM
> > > > > VCO->VCA FM
> > > > > VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> > > > > LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> > > > > Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> > > > > Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
> > > > >
> > > > > Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi
> > > > Retrofit or this one : http://www.chd- el.cz/index. php?id=409
> > > > >
> > > > > I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple
> > > > on the korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so
> > > > on) and siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working
> > > > on fitting the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, "Alain" <hubertalain@ > wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Yes Johan, welcome!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I've already done a simple mod on mine, to convert arpeggiator
> > > > trigger input from s-trigger to pulse.
> > > > > > I also plan to add a sample-and-hold with the clock source as
> > > > either MG1 or MG2...
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Tell us what you want to mod on your MP!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Alain.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > --- In korg_mono-poly@ yahoogroups. com, Florian Anwander
> > > > <fanwander@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hello Johan,
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > welcome to the group!
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Comment from new user:
> > > > > > > > hello. i would like to do some modifications on my mp and
> > > > come here
> > > > > > > > for help...
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Let us know what you want to modify.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Florian
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
>

--- In korg_mono-poly@yahoogroups.com, Florian Anwander <fanwander@...> wrote:
>
> Hello Michael
> > that lfo speed mod is also quite useless to make. you can get crazy
> > speed lfo's on mg-1 bu carefully placing the mg-1 waveform selector
> > between the two saw waveforms.
> > and you can route that superfast lfo with the mg1 modwheel to the filter
> > or to the pitch, and also the effects section uses that particular mg.
> > no need for a superfast mg-2 imho.
> This inbetween setting of the waveforms switch is not superfast (sorry).
> It gets at max ~300Hz, but we talk about max ranges up to 7000Hz.
> Doepfer introduced this with the MS-404 and many other makers now
> implement it to their todays systems. It allows very interesting vowel
> like sounds.
>
> > is that vcf>fm mod something that you can not acchieve with that lfo
> > trick + effects section really?
> Yepp, it is completely different. I definitely recommend it!
>
> Florian
>

>
>
> Hi everyone! Thanks for the welcome! :)
>
> Well I've been thinking of doing these mods:
>
> VCO->Cutoff FM
> VCO->VCA FM
> VCO1->VCO(x) FM
> LFO speeds increase by adding caps
> Audio in -> VCF/VCA
> Suboscillators via divide circuit to every square
>
> Oh, and also adding midi, either via Mungo Enterprises Midi Retrofit or
> this one : http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409
> <http://www.chd-el.cz/index.php?id=409>
>
> I consider myself a beginner in synthmodding, have done a couple on the
> korg poly800 (moog slayer, 12/24db filterswitch, fm800 and so on) and
> siel exp80 (similar architecture as poly800). Also working on fitting
> the Mungo Enterprises midikit in a Juno6 atm.
>