Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] what is sulfate of zinc and acidulated water andsaturated copper sulfate crystals ?
2017-01-17 by chuck richards
>See Daniel Cell and Gravity Cell. They are great cells to make and to experiment with. As a young boy, I was at home in the basement making wet cells of all various kinds, while the rest of the children were still coloring with crayons. > > >---- Original Message ---- >From: Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com >To: Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com >Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] what is sulfate of zinc and acidulated >water andsaturated copper sulfate crystals ? >Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2017 21:13:18 -0500 > >>I stumbled on this perfect answer: >> >>What Happens in a Battery if Zinc Sulfate Is Mixed With Copper >Sulfate? >>by Serm Murmson >> >>Chemical reactions can generate electrical energy from the exchange >of >>electrons. A cell that uses the electrical current from a >spontaneous >>chemical reaction is called a galvanic or voltaic cell. A battery is >an >>example of such a cell. A battery is specifically constructed to >ensure >>that its chemical reactions occur in a controlled and reliable >manner. >> >>The Nature of the Chemical Reaction >>Batteries generate electrical current due to the exchange of >electrons >>in a spontaneous reduction-oxidation, or redox, reaction. In a redox > >>reaction, one element loses electrons: it is oxidized. Another >element >>gains these electrons: it is reduced. The elements used in a battery >are >>selected due to the difference in their oxidation and reduction >>potentials. For example, zinc loses electrons more readily than >copper. >>A redox reaction will be spontaneous if the difference in the >relevant >>cell potentials is positive: the system will move to release energy. >>The Construction of a Battery >> >>The cathode is the site at which reduction occurs in a battery. The >>anode is the site at which oxidation occurs. In many voltaic cells, >the >>cathode and anode are made of the respective solid metals involved >in >>the redox reaction. In order to provide ions necessary for the >chemical >>reaction to take place, the anode and cathode are suspended in >solutions >>containing the respective metal ions. These two solutions, called >>electrolytes, are connected via a membrane or barrier. In some cells > >>this is called a salt bridge. The function of the salt bridge is to >>allow some ions to move while keeping others isolated in the >respective >>electrolytic solutions. Once the anode and cathode are connected via >a >>wire, the electrical potential difference will cause the reaction to > >>occur. Electrons will flow over the wire. >>The Zinc and Copper Battery >> >>In a zinc-and-copper battery, the chemical reaction involves the >>transfer of electrons from solid zinc to copper ions. The zinc is >>therefore the anode; solid zinc is oxidized. The copper is the >cathode; >>copper ions are reduced. The electrolytic solutions can be zinc >sulfate >>and copper sulfate. When the zinc is oxidized, new zinc ions fall >into >>the solution. When the copper is reduced, copper ions are displaced >out >>of the solution onto the cathode. The negative sulfate ions in the >>copper sulfate solution can flow across the bridge to account for >the >>creation of positive zinc ions. >>The Importance of the Salt Bridge >> >>If the salt bridge were not present, copper ions could come into >contact >>with solid zinc. If this were to happen, both reduction and >oxidation >>would take place at the solid zinc. Copper would build up at the >anode, >>and the electrons would not be able to be harnessed for electrical >work. >>Depending on the extent of the mixture of electrolytes, this could >>diminish the life of the battery, or even make it completely >unusable >>for electrical work. >> >> >>On 01/16/2017 02:04 PM, Jean-Paul Louis louijp@yahoo.com >[Homebrew_PCBs] >>wrote: >>> >>> Hi Rob, >>> >>> Beside having fun experimenting, what would be the use of such >awfully >>> low performance battery? the article claims high internal >resistance >>> and 0.25V capabilty. >>> >>> It looks like this battery uses zinc and copper ions to work. I >think >>> that there are other ways to make a much better battery with these > >>> parameters. But picking those two metallic ions does not explain >the >>> low voltage of said battery. >>> According to the website at >>> http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/electrode-potential-d_482.html, >Zinc >>> potential is -0.76V and Copper is +0.34V, so a good battery with >those >>> elements should have a max of 1.1V, with an average probably >around >>> 1V, which is a lot better than the 0.25V advertized. >>> >>> Just because you find articles on the Internet, thatÂ’s not a proof >of >>> good engineering practices. >>> There is a lot of garbage in the Internet, but there is also a lot >of >>> good stuff. It is just not easy to find the right ones. >>> >>> As a side note, you can see on the table that lithium has a >potential >>> of -3.04V, which explains why lithium ion batteries are the hot >topic. >>> >>> Just a few thoughts, >>> Jean-Paul >>> N1JPL >>> >>> > On Jan 16, 2017, at 2:22 AM, Rob roomberg@... >[Homebrew_PCBs] >>> <Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com> wrote: >>> > >>> > what is sulfate of zinc and acidulated water and saturated >copper >>> sulfate crystals ? >>> > Do we have any chemists out there? >>> > >>> > I found an old time article how to make a battery and it >specified >>> > >>> > sulfate of zinc and acidulated water and saturated copper >sulfate >>> crystals >>> > >>> > http://www.learnmorsecode.com/regen2/battery02.jpg >>> > >>> > The article said to use ZINC SULFATE >>> > or >>> > ACIDULATED water. >>> > >>> > So I got look up ZINC SULFATE on the web and is says we can buy >>> 220mg zinc sulfate capsules...to eat. >>> > huh?!!?? >>> > edible batteries? >>> > >>> > Zinc Sulfate (220mg) - 100 Capsules >>> > Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound and dietary supplement. As >a >>> supplement it is used to treat zinc deficiency >>> > >>> > >>> > but hey...it did say "OR" >>> > and when I look up acidulated water it said >>> > >>> > wiki: >>> > Acidulated water is water that an acid has been added to it, >usually >>> lemon juice, lime juice or vinegar. Citric acid and ascorbic acid >can >>> also be used. >>> > >>> > Acidulated water can be made by combining 1.5 tablespoons >vinegar or >>> 3 tablespoons lemon juice. >>> > >>> > sooooo...... OK... this doesn't sound real toxic or dangerous to > >>> show and tell kids battery chemistry.... >>> > >>> > AND THEN >>> > there is the saturated copper sulfate.... >>> > which is readily available at th eharware store >>> > ROOT KILL copper sulfate pentahydrate 99% >>> > and instructions on the web say: >>> > >>> > First, you need a saturated copper sulfate solution so the >crystals >>> can form as the liquid evaporates. All you need to do to make the >>> solution is to stir copper sulfate into very hot water until no >more >>> will dissolve. There are two ways to grow the crystals.Apr 26, >2014 >>> > How To Grow Blue Copper Sulfate Crystals - Science Notes and >Projects >>> > >https://sciencenotes.org/how-to-grow-blue-copper-sulfate-crystals/ >>> > >>> > OR >>> > just buy 10 pounds of crystals from a seed supply house for $32. >>> > >>> > So is this feasible or would parents be pissed if they knew >their >>> kids were near these chemicals? >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> > >>> >>> >> >> $4.95/mo. National Dialup, Anti-Spam, Anti-Virus, 5mb personal web space. 5x faster dialup for only $9.95/mo. No contracts, No fees, No Kidding! See http://www.All2Easy.net for more details!