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Homemade inkjet printer test results

Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-20 by v_sahin

Hello All,
I completed my homemade inkjet printer. I did some tests and uploaded
under Homebrew_PCBs/files/Epson_inkjet_Volkan. As seen in the pictures
without any short/open it is possible to use 4mil/4mil (width/space).
This homemade printer has a resolution of 1440x1440 dpi and it is a
flat bed type. Sorry for the quality of the microscope captured images.
New uploaded files:
inductor4mil_4mil_1.jpg
inductor_corner.jpg
line_hor_5_5.jpg
line_hor_5_5_close.jpg
line_hor_6_6_close.jpg
line_hor_7_7_close.jpg
line_hor_8_8_close.jpg
line_ver_5_5.jpg
line_ver_5_5_close.jpg
line_ver_6_6_close.jpg
line_ver_7_7_close.jpg
line_ver_8_8_close.jpg
plane_line4_4.jpg
plane_line4_4_close.jpg
plane_line4_4_corner_close.jpg
testpcb600dpi.jpg

Cheers,
Volkan

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-20 by Steve

Wow....

Steve Greenfield

--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, "v_sahin" <v_sahin@...> wrote:
>
> Hello All,
> I completed my homemade inkjet printer. I did some tests and uploaded
> under Homebrew_PCBs/files/Epson_inkjet_Volkan. As seen in the pictures
> without any short/open it is possible to use 4mil/4mil (width/space).
> This homemade printer has a resolution of 1440x1440 dpi and it is a
> flat bed type. Sorry for the quality of the microscope captured images.
> New uploaded files:
> inductor4mil_4mil_1.jpg
> inductor_corner.jpg
> line_hor_5_5.jpg
> line_hor_5_5_close.jpg
> line_hor_6_6_close.jpg
> line_hor_7_7_close.jpg
> line_hor_8_8_close.jpg
> line_ver_5_5.jpg
> line_ver_5_5_close.jpg
> line_ver_6_6_close.jpg
> line_ver_7_7_close.jpg
> line_ver_8_8_close.jpg
> plane_line4_4.jpg
> plane_line4_4_close.jpg
> plane_line4_4_corner_close.jpg
> testpcb600dpi.jpg
>
> Cheers,
> Volkan
>

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-21 by gsi11135

Fantastic work!

--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, "v_sahin" <v_sahin@...> wrote:
>
> Hello All,
> I completed my homemade inkjet printer. I did some tests and
uploaded
> under Homebrew_PCBs/files/Epson_inkjet_Volkan. As seen in the
pictures
> without any short/open it is possible to use 4mil/4mil
(width/space).
> This homemade printer has a resolution of 1440x1440 dpi and it is a
> flat bed type. Sorry for the quality of the microscope captured
images.
> New uploaded files:
> inductor4mil_4mil_1.jpg
> inductor_corner.jpg
> line_hor_5_5.jpg
> line_hor_5_5_close.jpg
> line_hor_6_6_close.jpg
> line_hor_7_7_close.jpg
> line_hor_8_8_close.jpg
> line_ver_5_5.jpg
> line_ver_5_5_close.jpg
> line_ver_6_6_close.jpg
> line_ver_7_7_close.jpg
> line_ver_8_8_close.jpg
> plane_line4_4.jpg
> plane_line4_4_close.jpg
> plane_line4_4_corner_close.jpg
> testpcb600dpi.jpg
>
> Cheers,
> Volkan
>

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-21 by James Newton

I showed these pictures to a friend who had tried hacking an R220 and
his reply is that it's great, but he doubts that it is possible to get
the registration close enough to do double sided boards. I'm curious if
you have any reply to that.

He uses unmodified inkjets to print transparencies, aligns them as a
set, then uses a vacuum table to hold them on a pre-sensatized board
while exposing under an UV lamp. He says he regularly gets 5 and 5 and
is happy to be able to do double sided.

I think a possible solution is to purchase thinner than normal single
sided stock, etch seperatly, and then bond the two with the backing
together and the copper sides out. No registration problems because the
registration is done after the etch. Someone else had described this
here in more detail.

--
James.

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-22 by Volkan Sahin

>I showed these pictures to a friend
who had tried hacking an R220 and
>his reply is that it's
great, but he doubts that it is possible to get
>the
registration close enough to do double sided boards. I'm curious if

>you have any reply to that.


In the past, I used below method but it requires accurate X/Y positioning and I'll use it for this printer also, it has a starting point accuracy of
~+/-10micron meter.

You need to have reference holes on
printer bed on center of X-axis, which requires fixed board size or
multiple reference holes. Your board also needs to have pre-drilled
reference holes. Something like below,
X-axis
|--------------------------------|
| *
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| *
|
|--------------------------------|
*Reference holes
Prepare your image centered at
reference holes, after printing 1st side flip on X-axis
and print 2nd side. You can also eliminate requirement of
centered image by adding offset but centering is easier.
>He uses unmodified inkjets to
print transparencies, aligns them as a
>set, then uses a
vacuum table to hold them on a pre-sensatized board
>while
exposing under an UV lamp. He says he regularly gets 5 and 5 and

>is happy to be able to do double sided.

Yes he can get
it, everybody uses this method . Personally I want to avoid stock of
photosentized boards or photo resist, developer and for me it is double work and it can be as good as your master film but this method is
proven no doubt about it.

>I think a possible solution is
to purchase thinner than normal single
>sided stock, etch
seperatly, and then bond the two with the backing
>together
and the copper sides out. No registration problems because the

>registration is done after the etch. Someone else had
described this
>here in more detail.

It is possible, but how to avoid
air bubbles between layers without vacuum? If you use oven during
soldering bubbles can separate glued layers.

Cheers,
Volkan








[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-22 by Mike Young

10 micron repeatability is pretty amazing. Just wondering out loud... would
it make sense to mount the printer head on the spindle of a CNC mill?

Either way you do it, I don't see how you can do second and subsequent sides
without multiple registration features for placement and alignment. (It sure
would be nice to just print out 11 layer boards with micro-vias and
plate-throughs. I'd settle for just 7 layers. :-)

Volkan, I missed the mechanical and control details if you posted them. I'm
curious about the Y-axis drive, and the print head control signals and
timing. Were you able to find those on the web?

Regards,
Mike.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Volkan Sahin" <v_sahin@...>
To: <Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Monday, July 21, 2008 11:11 PM
Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results



>I showed these pictures to a friend
who had tried hacking an R220 and
>his reply is that it's
great, but he doubts that it is possible to get
>the
registration close enough to do double sided boards. I'm curious if

>you have any reply to that.


In the past, I used below method but it requires accurate X/Y positioning
and I'll use it for this printer also, it has a starting point accuracy of
~+/-10micron meter.

You need to have reference holes on
printer bed on center of X-axis, which requires fixed board size or
multiple reference holes. Your board also needs to have pre-drilled
reference holes. Something like below,
X-axis
|--------------------------------|
| *
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| *
|
|--------------------------------|
*Reference holes
Prepare your image centered at
reference holes, after printing 1st side flip on X-axis
and print 2nd side. You can also eliminate requirement of
centered image by adding offset but centering is easier.
>He uses unmodified inkjets to
print transparencies, aligns them as a
>set, then uses a
vacuum table to hold them on a pre-sensatized board
>while
exposing under an UV lamp. He says he regularly gets 5 and 5 and

>is happy to be able to do double sided.

Yes he can get
it, everybody uses this method . Personally I want to avoid stock of
photosentized boards or photo resist, developer and for me it is double work
and it can be as good as your master film but this method is
proven no doubt about it.

>I think a possible solution is
to purchase thinner than normal single
>sided stock, etch
seperatly, and then bond the two with the backing
>together
and the copper sides out. No registration problems because the

>registration is done after the etch. Someone else had
described this
>here in more detail.

It is possible, but how to avoid
air bubbles between layers without vacuum? If you use oven during
soldering bubbles can separate glued layers.

Cheers,
Volkan








[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


------------------------------------

Be sure to visit the group home and check for new Links, Files, and Photos:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Homebrew_PCBsYahoo! Groups Links

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-22 by Volkan Sahin

>10 micron repeatability is pretty amazing. Just wondering out loud... >would it make sense to mount the printer head on the spindle of a CNC mill?
>Either way you do it, I don't see how you can do second and subsequent
>sides without multiple registration features for placement and >alignment. (It sure would be nice to just print out 11 layer boards >with micro-vias and plate-throughs. I'd settle for just 7 layers. :-)

I�m using X-axis of Epson printer, I changed DC servo by DC motor with gear reduction to
have much uniform speed. I add some additional support to avoid shaking. I have also
slotted opto-coupler for starting point detection. Linear operating range of opto-coupler is
300 micron meters (0-3.3V = 0-300 micron meters). I�ve a calibration sw operating during start-up.
Assume that you have reference dowel pins on the bed of printer 1st pin is at position
Y=0 X=Xmax/2 (center of X axis)and 2nd� pin is at Y=Ymax,X=Xmax/2..
Let�s draw a line passing through center of these pins a call it axis of rotation.
Let�s prepare our image centered on this axis of rotation. If you rotate image on
this axis everything will be matched in theory.
The method I explained is used by LPKF PCB milling machines.

>Volkan, I missed the mechanical and control details if you posted >them. I'm curious about the Y-axis drive, and the print head control >signals and timing. Were you able to find those on the web?

There is no web at least I know which explains operation of Epson heads.
I learned it by reading Epson patents and by measuring actual printer.
If you really interested with that and want to design yourself I can help you,
but implementation details are most probably off topic for this group and we need to contact offline.
Y-axis has very precise servo motor coupled with 10000 pulses (in quadrature decoding).
I have also precision linear slides on Y-axis.

Cheers,
Volkan





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-22 by kennytrussell

--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, Volkan Sahin <v_sahin@...> wrote:

> There is no web at least I know which explains operation of Epson
heads.
> I learned it by reading Epson patents and by measuring actual
printer.
> If you really interested with that and want to design yourself I can
help you,
> but implementation details are most probably off topic for this group
and we need to contact offline.
> Y-axis has very precise servo motor coupled with 10000 pulses (in
quadrature decoding).
> I have also precision linear slides on Y-axis.

I don't know if it is off-topic or not, but I, for one, really want to
know ALL the details. If there is a better group for that discussion,
please let me know which one it is and I will move on over there and
follow along! It seems to me that it is right on target for this group,
though.
Kenny

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-22 by Derward Myrick

Kenny, I agree with you on this.
I think this list is the place for
this.

Derward Myrick



----- Original Message -----
From: kennytrussell
To: Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2008 4:17 PM
Subject: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results


--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, Volkan Sahin <v_sahin@...> wrote:

> There is no web at least I know which explains operation of Epson
heads.
> I learned it by reading Epson patents and by measuring actual
printer.
> If you really interested with that and want to design yourself I can
help you,
> but implementation details are most probably off topic for this group
and we need to contact offline.
> Y-axis has very precise servo motor coupled with 10000 pulses (in
quadrature decoding).
> I have also precision linear slides on Y-axis.

I don't know if it is off-topic or not, but I, for one, really want to
know ALL the details. If there is a better group for that discussion,
please let me know which one it is and I will move on over there and
follow along! It seems to me that it is right on target for this group,
though.
Kenny





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Mike Young

I'm of the opinion that the nuts and bolts of your machinery is as much a
part of making PCBs as is a bubbler for the etch tank, or a high speed drill
press. It is specialized, and has opportunities and needs not common for
general purpose CNC machines. I can think of no better place than here for
the discussion.

Linear slides and precision ballscrews for small boards and very light
mechanical loads are relatively inexpensive. In whole and in sum, the cost
and complexity are manageable for many of us, and the capabilities of very
great interest. I realize that documenting something of this scope is a
significant commitment. If you can find the time to share the details, I
think you'll find a receptive and eager audience. However, if you would
still like, I am happy to respect your wishes and keep the conversation
off-line.

But first a question about your process. Did I understand you correctly,
that you etch directly using the ink as the resist?

Regards,
Mike.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Volkan Sahin" <v_sahin@...>
To: <Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2008 11:59 AM
Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results


>Volkan, I missed the mechanical and control details if you posted >them.
>I'm curious about the Y-axis drive, and the print head control >signals and
>timing. Were you able to find those on the web?

There is no web at least I know which explains operation of Epson heads.
I learned it by reading Epson patents and by measuring actual printer.
If you really interested with that and want to design yourself I can help
you,
but implementation details are most probably off topic for this group and we
need to contact offline.
Y-axis has very precise servo motor coupled with 10000 pulses (in quadrature
decoding).
I have also precision linear slides on Y-axis.

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Volkan Sahin

Hi Mike,
>I'm of the opinion that the nuts and bolts of your machinery is as much a
>part of making PCBs as is a bubbler for the etch tank ...I've the same idea, for me inkjet printer is not different than tools that we're using.
The problem is, if we enter the implementation details that will be mostly electronics and sw and it'll be boring for those who're not interested. In the past, I saw such things in the group. That's why, I do not want to cause/initiate such discussions.
Concerning cost, it's around ~ $200 including inkjet head. It's not a huge amount and
finding linear slides is easy in US, no problem. I got them from ebay.
Yes, it is a direct inkjet pcb printing and it is an etch resistant.

Cheers,
Volkan






[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Mike Young

----- Original Message -----
From: "Volkan Sahin" <v_sahin@...>
To: <Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2008 11:04 PM
Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results


> Concerning cost, it's around ~ $200 including inkjet head. It's not a huge
> amount and
> finding linear slides is easy in US, no problem. I got them from ebay.
> Yes, it is a direct inkjet pcb printing and it is an etch resistant.

Is it a special ink and inkjet head?

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Volkan Sahin

Ink is from MISPRO Yellow pigment based and head is Epson CX4200.
Cheers,
Volkan
--- On Wed, 7/23/08, Mike Young <mikewhy@...> wrote:
From: Mike Young <mikewhy@...>
Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results
To: Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com
Date: Wednesday, July 23, 2008, 4:14 AM

----- Original Message -----
From: "Volkan Sahin" <v_sahin@...>
To: <Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2008 11:04 PM
Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results


> Concerning cost, it's around ~ $200 including inkjet head. It's
not a huge
> amount and
> finding linear slides is easy in US, no problem. I got them from ebay.
> Yes, it is a direct inkjet pcb printing and it is an etch resistant.

Is it a special ink and inkjet head?



------------------------------------

Be sure to visit the group home and check for new Links, Files, and Photos:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Homebrew_PCBsYahoo! Groups Links






[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by kennytrussell

> The problem is, if we enter the implementation details that will be
mostly electronics and sw and it'll be boring for those who're not
interested.

There are always threads in any group that are not of interest to
everyone but I think a significant number of folks here would be
interested. I would think anyone interested in making PCBs is
interested in electronics an sw, etc.

Whereever and however you choose to describe your project (if you can
find the time), I hope you will allow those of us who are interested to
follow along somehow. I've been making PCBs for a number of years. I am
really interested in your inkjet printer mod. I'm ready to start
building one!

Kenny

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Volkan Sahin

Hi Kenny,
...I am really interested in your inkjet printer mod. I'm ready to start building one!
No problem for me, I can explain. Keep in mind that it is not a inkjet printer modification.
I only used Epson head, x-axis remaining ones requires new design for both electronics and sw.
Cheers,
Volkan

--- On Wed, 7/23/08, kennytrussell <kenneth.trussell@...> wrote:
From: kennytrussell <kenneth.trussell@...>
Subject: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results
To: Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com
Date: Wednesday, July 23, 2008, 4:31 AM













> The problem is, if we enter the implementation details that will be

mostly electronics and sw and it'll be boring for those who're not

interested.



There are always threads in any group that are not of interest to

everyone but I think a significant number of folks here would be

interested. I would think anyone interested in making PCBs is

interested in electronics an sw, etc.



Whereever and however you choose to describe your project (if you can

find the time), I hope you will allow those of us who are interested to

follow along somehow. I've been making PCBs for a number of years. I am

really interested in your inkjet printer mod. I'm ready to start

building one!



Kenny





























[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Viper62pr

Greetings
I have been reading your posts and seen the pics(amazing), I have not etched a board for quite some time, I have them made at a board house but if I only need one or two it seems a waste.
I too would like to see how one of those things are made, after all aren't pcboards mainly used in electronics? I think putting that info up is like putting up the info for a homemade etching system or a homemade CNC pcboard machine.
Thanks for posting it.

--- On Wed, 7/23/08, Volkan Sahin <v_sahin@...> wrote:

From: Volkan Sahin <v_sahin@...>
Subject: Re: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results
To: Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com
Date: Wednesday, July 23, 2008, 1:50 AM






Hi Kenny,
...I am really interested in your inkjet printer mod. I'm ready to start building one!
No problem for me, I can explain. Keep in mind that it is not a inkjet printer modification.
I only used Epson head, x-axis remaining ones requires new design for both electronics and sw.
Cheers,
Volkan

--- On Wed, 7/23/08, kennytrussell <kenneth.trussell@ thielekaolin. com> wrote:
From: kennytrussell <kenneth.trussell@ thielekaolin. com>
Subject: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results
To: Homebrew_PCBs@ yahoogroups. com
Date: Wednesday, July 23, 2008, 4:31 AM

> The problem is, if we enter the implementation details that will be

mostly electronics and sw and it'll be boring for those who're not

interested.

There are always threads in any group that are not of interest to

everyone but I think a significant number of folks here would be

interested. I would think anyone interested in making PCBs is

interested in electronics an sw, etc.

Whereever and however you choose to describe your project (if you can

find the time), I hope you will allow those of us who are interested to

follow along somehow. I've been making PCBs for a number of years. I am

really interested in your inkjet printer mod. I'm ready to start

building one!

Kenny











[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


















[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

RE: [Homebrew_PCBs] Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Bertho Boman

I too like to know more. It one of those things: I probably never will
have time to build it but I like to KNOW.
Great work!
Bertho

________________________________________
From: kennytrussell Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2008 17:17

I don't know if it is off-topic or not, but I, for one, really want to
know ALL the details. If there is a better group for that discussion,
please let me know which one it is and I will move on over there and
follow along! It seems to me that it is right on target for this group,
though.
Kenny

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by kennytrussell

--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, Volkan Sahin <v_sahin@...> wrote:

> No problem for me, I can explain. Keep in mind that it is not a
inkjet printer modification.
> I only used Epson head, x-axis remaining ones requires new design for
both electronics and sw.

Thanks for clarifying that, Volkan. I had missed that point but I am
still very interested. I've got a couple of other guys who would be
happy to help me build one if we can understand what you did. Thanks
for taking the time to help us!

Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by Steve

--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, "kennytrussell"
<kenneth.trussell@...> wrote:
>
>
> > The problem is, if we enter the implementation details that will be
> mostly electronics and sw and it'll be boring for those who're not
> interested.
>
> There are always threads in any group that are not of interest to
> everyone but I think a significant number of folks here would be
> interested. I would think anyone interested in making PCBs is
> interested in electronics an sw, etc.

Speaking as listowner, I agree. I think it would be a shame if the
discussions took place outside of the public eye.

However: this is going to cover a very -broad- area of hardware,
firmware, software, inks, printhead driving signals, etc. So with that
in mind, I've created the Inkjet_PCB_Construction group. Volkan, and
everyone else involved or interested in modifying or building such a
beast, I hope you'll join there.

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Inkjet_PCB_Construction/

Monthly Reminder for the Inkjet_PCB_Construction group, please read:

Messages and threads:
Please do NOT start a new thread by replying to another message.
Even if you change the subject line completely and trim all the
original messages off, there is information in the hidden header that
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To start a new thread, start a new message to the list address.
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On Topic vs off topic:
The list is meant to be quite specific to the subject of inkjet
printing resist directly onto copper for acid etching. However, within
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printhead/printer selection, ink selection, design and construction of
flatbed plotters, proper drive to inkjet printheads, firmware,
software, baking/post-processing of resist, suitable
acids/temperatures, etc. So I ask that any questions or comments whose
purpose is not strictly on topic to take place off the list or on
another more suitable list.
General electronics questions not related to the above should go to
the Electronics_101 list:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Electronics_101
For other topics about making printed circuit boards such as toner
transfer, photosensitive boards, scratch 'n etch, etc. please join the
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http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Homebrew_PCBs/

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Re: Homemade inkjet printer test results

2008-07-23 by James Newton

The details of the method and the initial technical details of the
first version of V's modification are all here:
http://techref.massmind.org/techref/pcb/etch/cx4200-vs.htm
and I will be overjoyed to post any additional technical details on
that same site.

While this list is fantastic for discussing those sorts of thing, it
makes more sense to have a distilation of the details, leaving out
all the chatter, on a web page.

Other simular modifications and general information about direct
inject etching are here:
http://techref.massmind.org/techref/pcb/etch/directinkjetresist.htm


--
James.

--- In Homebrew_PCBs@yahoogroups.com, "Mike Young" <mikewhy@...>
wrote:
>
> I'm of the opinion that the nuts and bolts of your machinery is as
much a
> part of making PCBs as is a bubbler for the etch tank, or a high
speed drill
> press. It is specialized, and has opportunities and needs not
common for
> general purpose CNC machines. I can think of no better place than
here for
> the discussion.
>
> Linear slides and precision ballscrews for small boards and very
light
> mechanical loads are relatively inexpensive. In whole and in sum,
the cost
> and complexity are manageable for many of us, and the capabilities
of very
> great interest. I realize that documenting something of this scope
is a
> significant commitment. If you can find the time to share the
details, I
> think you'll find a receptive and eager audience. However, if you
would
> still like, I am happy to respect your wishes and keep the
conversation
> off-line.
>
> But first a question about your process. Did I understand you
correctly,
> that you etch directly using the ink as the resist?
>
> Regards,
> Mike.
>