                        USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR SY-EDIT

  SY-22 and SY-35 voice editor for Atari ST, Written by Richard Hanson, (C)
                        1995 (V1.0), (C) 1996 (V1.1)

1. INTRODUCTION

This program, SY_EDIT.PRG, was written to allow the editing of SY-22 voices,
and extended to include the SY-35 which has identical voice architecture and
only differs with some of the available AWM samples. There are a number of
editable parameters that can only be accessed using MIDI System Exclusive:

   * the frequency modulation (FM) voices can now be fully edited, including
     separate envelopes for carrier and modulator, although the FM presets
     can be selected from the editing software;
   * amplitude modulation (AM) and pitch modulation (PM) can be individually
     assigned to modulator and carrier in the FM voices;
   * the temperament (scale) of both the AWM and FM waves can be changed;
   * a visual representation of the envelopes is displayed.

It does not allow editing of Multi set-ups, however, since these can only be
accessed in All Voice/Multi dumps, and they are therefore more easily
editable from the synths front panel. Voices can be stored and loaded from
disk. The file format is compatible with that for Steinbergs Satellite desk
accessory.

Note that, for the most part, the synthesizer front-panel numbers for
various parameters can be forgotten, since they are sub-sets of the
available MIDI values, e.g. on the front-panel levels go from 0 to 99
whereas over MIDI they go from 0 to 127.

2. USER INTERFACE

The user interface is not standard GEM, but it is easily understood. The
mouse works as usual, with the left mouse button decreasing values and the
right button increasing values. Holding down either of the SHIFT keys when
changing a value changes the value in steps of ten. All displayed settings
are editable with the except for the envelope displays in each Element. The
display is divided into nine areas, described as follows:

  1. Title;
  2. Element Area A;
  3. Element Area B;
  4. Element Area C;
  5. Element Area D;
  6. Voice Common Area;
  7. Vector Area;
  8. Edit Area which displays the currently selected item (elements A to D,
     Voice Common or Vector);
  9. Button Area which has a row of buttons along the bottom of the display
     that have the following functions:
        o A: Select element A (AWM) to be edited in the Edit Area.
        o B: Select element B (FM) to be edited in the Edit Area.
        o C: Select element C (AWM) to be edited in the Edit Area.
        o D: Select element D (FM) to be edited in the Edit Area.
        o Glob: Select common voice elements to be edited in the Edit Area.
        o Vect: Select a graphic display on the vector information in the
          Edit Area.
        o Get: Send a voice request and receive voice information from the
          synthesizer.
        o Load: Load a voice from disk.
        o Save: Save the current voice to disk. The file is saved as a
          binary file that can be read by Steinbergs Satellite desk
          accessory. The file includes four initial bytes for Satellite,
          followed by a complete system exclusive dump. The default name for
          the file is the name of the voice, with all non-alphanumeric
          characters converted to an underscore. All files are saved with
          the extension BNK regardless of what the user enters for an
          extension.
        o Quit: Return to the desktop.

2.1 Element Area

In each Element Area, the following parameters are available:

  1. velocity response: This is the line that appears next to the element
     name.
  2. element level: This parameter graphically displays the volume of the
     element. Range 0 to 127
  3. pan position: This parameter graphically displays the pan position of
     the element. Pressing the left mouse button shifts the pan position
     left and the right button shifts it right.
  4. envelope shape: This is a graphical display of the envelope of the
     element. For the FM elements, two envelopes are displayed, the thick
     line being the carrier envelope, and the broken line being the
     modulator envelope.

2.2 Voice Common Area

In the Voice Common Area, the following are available:

   * voice name: This parameter displays the voice name. Clicking on the
     first three characters selects voice type. The voice types were defined
     by Yamaha after the release of the SY-22, but before the release of the
     SY-35, to allow for easy identification of voice type. These voice
     types are as follows:
        o SP: Synth Pad - sustaining synth sound for holding chords
        o SC: Synth Comping - decaying synth sounds with some shape
        o AP: Acoustic Piano - any sound resembling an acoustic piano
        o EP: Electric Piano - any sound resembling an electric piano
        o BR: Brass - sound resembling brass, including synth brass
        o ST: Strings - sounds resembling strings, including synth strings
        o WN: Wind - wind instruments and sound-alikes
        o BA: Bass - all bass or suitable bass sounds
        o CH: Choir - choirs, vocal-like sounds of any shape
        o KY: Keyboards - any other keyboards
        o PL: Plucked - plucked instruments, sharp decay synth
        o ME: Musical Effect - tuned sound effects
        o SE: Sound Effect - untuned sound effects
        o OR: Organ - all organs, organ-like synth sounds
        o PC: Percussion - all percussion and synth percussion instruments
        o DR: Drum Kit - any voice using the drum kit
        o KS: Keyboard Split - split keyboard voices
        o CT: Controllers - where controller use is essential for sound
     This two character combination is separated from the rest of the voice
     name with an asterisk. Clicking on any of the other characters selects
     a new character at that position.
   * elements: This parameter displays the element configuration of the
     voice. A-B or A-B-C-D
   * effect type: This parameter displays the currently selected effect
     type.
   * effect level: This parameter displays the level of the current effect.
     Range 0 to 7
   * pitch bend: This parameter displays the range of the pitch bend wheel.
     Range 0 to 12
   * mod wheel AM: This parameter displays whether AM is controlled by the
     modulation wheel. OFF or ON
   * mod wheel PM: This parameter displays whether PM is controlled by the
     modulation wheel. OFF or ON
   * A.T. AM: This parameter displays whether AM is controlled by
     after-touch. OFF or ON
   * A.T. PM: This parameter displays whether after-touch is assigned to
     control PM. OFF or ON
   * A.T. level: This parameter displays whether after-touch is assigned to
     alter the level of the voice. The sensitivity is individually editable
     for each element. OFF or ON
   * A.T. pitch bend: This parameter displays the maximum pitch bend
     introduced by after-touch. Range +/- 12

2.3 Vector Area

The Vector Area, the following are available:

   * level vector step: This parameter displays the step in the level vector
     to be edited. Range 1 to 50
   * level X value: This parameter displays the C-D level ratio. Range +/-
     31
   * level Y value: This parameter displays the A-B level ratio. Range +/-
     31
   * level repeat: This parameter displays the number of times the step is
     repeated before moving on to the next. Range 1 to 254, "End" or "Rep"
   * level step time: This parameter displays the time between consecutive
     steps. Range 10 to 160 ms
   * detune vector step: This parameter displays the step in the detune
     vector to be edited. Range 1 to 50
   * detune X value: This parameter displays the C-D detune ratio. +/- 31
   * detune Y value: This parameter displays the A-B detune ratio. +/- 31
   * detune repeat: This parameter displays the amount of times the step
     repeats before moving on to the next. Range 1 to 254, "End" or "Rep"
   * detune step time: This parameter displays the time between consecutive
     steps. Range 10 to 160 ms

2.4 Edit Area

The contents of the Edit Area depend on the currently selected edit mode.
When the program starts up, it is in Global edit mode. The modes are
explained as follows:

2.4.1 AWM Edit (Elements A and C)

When elements A or C are selected for editing, the following parameters are
available to be edited:

   * Column 1
        o wave: This parameter displays one of the 128 AWM waveforms for the
          element.
        o pitch shift: This parameter displays the pitch of the element.
          Range +/- 12 semitones
        o velocity response: This parameter graphically displays the
          velocity response.
        o A.T. response: This parameter graphically displays the after-touch
          response.
        o LFO wave: This parameter graphically displays the LFO wave form.
        o LFO speed: This parameter displays the speed of the LFO. Range 0
          to 31
        o LFO delay: This parameter displays the delay before the LFO
          starts. Range 0 to 255
        o LFO rate: This parameter displays the rate at which the LFO comes
          in. Range 0 to 255
        o LFO AM depth: This parameter displays the amount of amplitude
          modulation. Range 0 to 15
        o LFO PM depth: This parameter displays the amount of pitch
          modulation. Range 0 to 31
        o envelope: This parameter displays a preset envelope type. This may
          not necessarily relate to the actual envelope shape, which can be
          edited by the user. When the voice is sent to the synth, the
          envelope type is always set to USER.
   * Column 2
        o level: This parameter displays the volume of the element. Range 0
          to 127
        o temperament: This parameter displays the pitch scaling of the
          element. Range 0 (normal) to 3
        o detune: This parameter displays the detune of the element. Range 0
          to 15
        o level scaling: This parameter graphically displays the keyboard
          scaling for envelope level.
        o rate scaling: This parameter graphically displays the keyboard
          scaling for envelope rate.
        o envelope delay: This parameter displays whether the global
          envelope delay is enabled. OFF or ON
        o initial level: This parameter displays the volume before the
          envelope starts. Range 0 to 127
        o attack rate: This parameter displays the envelope attack rate.
          Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o attack level: This parameter displays the volume at the end of the
          attack stage. Range 0 to 127
        o decay rate 1: This parameter displays the envelope decay rate 1.
          Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o decay level 1: This parameter displays the volume at the end of
          the decay 1 stage. Range 0 to 127
        o decay rate 2: This parameter displays the envelope decay rate 2.
          Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o decay level 2: This parameter displays the volume at the end of
          the decay 2 stage. Range 0 to 127
        o release rate: This parameter displays the envelope release rate.
          Range 0 to 63 (fastest)

2.4.2 FM Edit (Elements B and D)

When elements B or D are selected for editing, the following parameters are
available to be edited:

   * Column 1
        o wave: This parameter displays one of the 256 preset FM waveforms.
          This is used to select the FM parameters of the preset sounds.
          Since these sounds are editable, this name will not necessarily
          reflect the actual sound.
        o pitch shift: This parameter displays the pitch of the element.
          Range +/- 12
        o velocity response: This parameter graphically displays velocity
          response.
        o A.T. response: This parameter graphically displays after-touch
          response.
        o LFO wave: This parameter graphically displays the LFO waveform.
        o LFO speed: This parameter displays the speed of the LFO. Range 0
          to 31
        o LFO delay: This parameter displays the delay before the LFO
          starts. Range 0 to 255
        o LFO rate: This parameter displays the rate at which the LFO comes
          in. Range 0 to 255
        o LFO AM depth: This parameter displays the amount of amplitude
          modulation. Range 0 to 15
        o LFO PM depth: This parameter displays the amount of pitch
          modulation. Range 0 to 31
        o LFO AM carrier assign: This parameter displays whether AM is
          assigned to the FM carrier. OFF or ON
        o LFO AM modulator assign: This parameter displays whether AM is
          assigned to the FM modulator. OFF or ON
        o LFO PM carrier assign: This parameter displays whether PM is
          assigned to the FM carrier. OFF or ON
        o LFO PM modulator assign: This parameter displays whether PM is
          assigned to the FM modulator. OFF or ON
        o envelope: This parameter displays a preset envelope type. This may
          not necessarily relate to the actual envelope shape, which can be
          edited by the user. When the voice is sent to the synth, the
          envelope type is always set to USER.
   * Column 2 (carrier)
        o level: This parameter displays the volume of the element. Range 0
          to 127
        o temperament: This parameter displays the pitch scaling of the
          carrier. Range 0 (normal) to 3
        o detune: This parameter displays the detune of the carrier. Range 0
          to 15
        o level scaling: This parameter displays the keyboard scaling for
          carrier envelope level.
        o rate scaling: This parameter displays the keyboard scaling for
          carrier envelope rate.
        o envelope delay: This parameter displays whether the global
          envelope delay is enabled for the carrier. OFF or ON
        o initial level: This parameter displays the carrier volume before
          the envelope starts. Range 0 to 127
        o attack rate: This parameter displays the carrier envelope attack
          rate. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o attack level: This parameter displays the carrier volume at the
          end of the attack stage. Range 0 to 127
        o decay rate 1: This parameter displays the carrier envelope decay
          rate 1. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o decay level 1: This parameter displays the carrier volume at the
          end of the decay 1 stage. Range 0 to 127
        o decay rate 2: This parameter displays the carrier envelope decay
          rate 2. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o decay level 2: This parameter displays the carrier volume at the
          end of the decay 2 stage. Range 0 to 127
        o release rate: This parameter displays the carrier envelope release
          rate. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o fixed frequency: This parameter displays whether the frequency of
          the carrier is fixed. OFF or ON
        o waveform: This parameter displays the carrier waveform. Range 0 to
          7
        o harmonics: This parameter displays the frequency of the carrier.
          Range 0 to 15
   * Column 3 (modulator)
        o level: This parameter displays the modulator level. Range 0 to 127
        o temperament: This parameter displays the pitch scaling of the
          modulator. Range 0 (normal) to 3
        o detune: This parameter displays the detune of the modulator. Range
          0 to 15
        o level scaling: This parameter displays the keyboard scaling for
          modulator envelope level.
        o rate scaling: This parameter displays the keyboard scaling for
          modulator envelope rate.
        o envelope delay: This parameter displays whether the global
          envelope delay is enabled for the modulator. OFF or ON
        o initial level: This parameter displays the modulator level before
          the envelope starts. Range 0 to 127
        o attack rate: This parameter displays the modulator envelope attack
          rate. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o attack level: This parameter displays the modulator level at the
          end of the attack stage. Range 0 to 127
        o decay rate 1: This parameter displays the modulator envelope decay
          rate 1. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o decay level 1: This parameter displays the modulator level at the
          end of the decay 1 stage. Range 0 to 127
        o decay rate 2: This parameter displays the modulator envelope decay
          rate 2. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o decay level 2: This parameter displays the modulator level at the
          end of the decay 2 stage. Range 0 to 127
        o release rate: This parameter displays the modulator envelope
          release rate. Range 0 to 63 (fastest)
        o fixed frequency: This parameter displays whether the frequency of
          the modulator is fixed. OFF or ON
        o waveform: This parameter displays the modulator waveform. Range 0
          to 7
        o harmonics: This parameter displays the frequency of the modulator.
          Range 0 to 15
        o feedback: This parameter displays the amount of FM feedback. Range
          0 to 7

2.4.3 Edit Voice Common

When Voice Common data is selected for editing, the following parameters are
available to be edited:

   * voice name: This parameter displays the voice name. See section 2.2.
   * effect type: This paramet
   * Synth basic receive and transmit MIDI channels and SY-Edit MIDI channel
     (on the Global Edit page) should all be set to the same channel.
   * New voice data is sent to the synthesizer each time a parameter is
     changed.
   * The program does not implement a MIDI Thru function, since the SY-22
     and SY-35 are keyboard instruments, and so its inclusion is
     superfluous.

FM Waves:

   * Note that the SY-22 only supports 2-operator FM synthesis. In voice
     configuration A-B-C-D it could be argued that it is four
     operator,trolled by after-touch. OFF or ON
   * A.T. level: This parameter displays whether element volume is
     controlled by after- touch. The sensitivity is individually editable
     for each element. OFF or ON
   * A.T. pitch shift: This parameter displays the maximum pitch bend
     introduced by after-touch. Range +/- 12 semitones
   * envelope delay rate: This parameter displays the amount by which
     envelopes are delayed. This is global to all elements, but individually
     switchable for each. Range 0 to 127
   * pitch bend: This parameter displays the range of the pitch bend wheel.
     Range 0 to 12
   * common attack rate: This parameter displays the offset to the attack
     rates of all elements. Range -64 to +63
   * common release rate: This parameter displays the offset to the release
     rate of all elements. Range -64 to +63
   * MIDI channel: This parameter displays the MIDI channel on which to
     transmit.
   * synth: This parameter displays the currently selected synthesizer.
     SY-22 or SY-35

2.4.4 Vector Display

When Vector information is selected, a graphical representation is displayed
for the X and Y elements for both the level and detune vectors. Note that
some of the detail is missing in order to fit all four vectors on the
display, however it is still more detailed than on the synthesizers front
panel! Note also that for two element voices (A-B) only the Y values are
relevant. No parameters can be edited in this display.

3. GENERAL NOTES

MIDI:

   * Atari MIDI In should be connected to synthesizer MIDI Out, and Atari
     MIDI Out to synthesizer MIDI In.
   * Synth basic receive and transmit MIDI channels and SY-Edit MIDI channel
     (on the Global Edit page) should all be set to the same channel.
   * New voice data is sent to the synthesizer each time a parameter is
     changed.
   * The program does not implement a MIDI Thru function, since the SY-22
     and SY-35 are keyboard instruments, and so its inclusion is
     superfluous.

FM Waves:

   * Note that the SY-22 only supports 2-operator FM synthesis. In voice
     configuration A-B-C-D it could be argued that it is four operator, with
     two independent carrier and modulator stacks.
   * Selecting a preset FM waveform will select the appropriate parameters
     for carrier waveform, fixed frequency and harmonics and all parameters
     for modulator. These parameters can then be freely edited. However,
     note that the FM name does not change, so what appears as the element
     wave name will not necessarily bear any resemblance to the preset FM
     wave of that name.
   * The greater the modulator level, the more harmonically complex the
     sound becomes. By using the envelope, it is possible to create a
     convincing filter sweep effect.
   * To create a normal vibrato, the LFO is assigned to both the modulator
     and the carrier. By assigning it to only the carrier or the modulator,
     beating effects can be created.
   * To create a normal tremolo, the LFO is assigned only to the carrier. By
     assigning to the modulator, either as well as the carrier or instead of
     the carrier, further beating effects can be created.
   * Selecting a temperament other than 0 for the modulator can create
     effects similar to that of ring modulation. Selecting a waveform other
     than 0 introduces more harmonics, making the resulting sound more
     complex.
   * Setting pitch modulation to affect only the modulator or only the
     carrier will create complex beating effects, as will applying
     amplitude modulation to the modulator.
   * Selecting a temperament other than 0 for the carrier alters the pitch
     keyboard tracking, effectively stretching the scale of the keyboard.

AWM Waves:

   * Selecting a temperament other than 0 alters the pitch keyboard
     tracking, altering the scale of the keyboard.

Envelopes:

   * For envelope types, the Preset type for each voice is displayed if it
     is received from the synth, but cannot be selected from the editor.
     Selecting an envelope type, other than User, will set up appropriate
     parameters for the elements envelope (in the case of elements B and D,
     for the carriers envelope).

Vectors:

   * For vectors, step 1 cannot be Rep (repeat), and step 50 should be
     either End or Rep if none of the preceding steps are End or
     Rep. If this is not the case, the data for the vector will continue
     through the synthesizers memory, producing a random vector;
   * If Rep is selected for any step, then the X and Y values for that
     step are not used.

4. TROUBLESHOOTING

No sound from the synth:

   * When a sound is first sent to the synth, all elements are sometimes
     disabled. Press the element on/off keys to turn on the elements.
   * Local control turned off on the synth. Switch on local control.

Synth will not receive voice data:

   * MIDI receive channel on synth is different to MIDI channel of program.
     Set MIDI channels to the same value.
   * Faulty MIDI cable between Atari MIDI Out and synth MIDI In. Replace
     cable.

Program will not receive voice data:

   * Faulty MIDI cable between Atari MIDI In and synth MIDI Out. Replace
     cable.
   * MIDI receive channel on synth is different to MIDI channel of program.
     Set MIDI channels to the same value. To stop the program from hanging
     up, manually transmit voice from the synth.

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