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On May 21, 2008, at 2:35 PM, Mark wrote:
>
> I recently completed construction and initial testing of the CGS tube
> VCA
> using a 1SH24B tube. I built it in MOTM-format using a panel and
> bracket from Bridechamber.
>
> The version I built is different than the original circuit. In order
> to avoid damaging the PCB from excessive unsoldering, I did not first
> build
> a stock unmodified version for comparison purposes.
>
> This is taken from posts I made to the cgs_synth and tubesynthdiy
> yagoogroups where I went into more detail as far as my reasons for
> doing things. Since no one posted any corrections, I'd thought I'd
> go ahead and post it here.
>
> From what others had said, there were three issues: the output was
> noisy, there was a "high-pass effect" or "loss of bass", and there
> was a "thump" during the attack of the EG when used as a VCA. This
> is a list of changes designed to address those issues:
>
> I eliminated the two signal diodes, the two LED's, and their 1.5K
> resistors. I connected a 1.2K 1/2W resistor between Pin 1 of the
> cathode-heater and ground.
>
> I added a a 47uF axial electrolytic cathode bypass capacitor between
> pin 2 of the tube (connected to the negative rail) and ground. Do
> not connect it to the ground side of the cathode or the in-rush
> current could burn out the heater.
>
> I replaced the TL072 with an OP275. I eliminated the stock 100nF
> bypass caps, and underneath the PCB, added two .1uF ceramic caps with
> heat shrink tubing going from ground, with the capacitors as close as
> possible to the power pins on the socket. I eliminated the 47pF cap
> on the output, and replaced it with a resistor lead. I did not add
> the gain resistor. While 330 Ohm is the minimum specified resistor
> for output protection, I replaced it with 1K (outside the feedback
> path) to have the same output impedance as MOTM.
>
> I increased the two 220nF coupling caps to 470nF.
>
> I decreased the CV input resistor to 50K so a 0-5V EG it has about
> the same
> range as the Gain knob.
>
> I wired up the SPDT bias switch -- using properly shielded cable --
> to two
> settings:
>
> For a "clean" setting, I added a 20K multi-turn trimmer to the
> board. There is an area with some writing without any traces to the
> right of the -Ve hole for the stock 330K resistor, where I drilled
> two extra holes. The trimmer is wired as a rheostat between -Ve and
> the switch.
>
> For a "distortion" setting, I connected a 475K resistor between
> ground and the switch.
>
> The suspression grid was connected to the negative rail.
>
> I used Bournes conductive plastic 50K linear pots for all four knobs.
>
> While it likely varies from 1SH24B to 1SH24B, the tube I have
> installed is more than a bit microphonic. Clicking the bias switch
> is enough to produce ringing. So I stuffed some anti-static foam in
> between the tube and the board to minimize vibration.
>
> I think that's it.
>
> These modifications seem to have worked very well. I don't notice
> any noise on the output.
>
> On the clean setting, with a roughly 10Vpp input potted all the way
> up, the distortion is barely noticeable. Three things are happening
> as the value of the variable resistor is adjusted lower: the grid
> becomes more negative, the level of the AC signal decreases, and the
> frequency of the high-pass filter increases. As such, there is some
> loss of bass, which rolls off gently at the lowest audible
> frequencies. With or without a signal, the grid bias is equal to
> -15V, due to the low impedance. I would suggest using a 100K
> multiturn trimmer instead -- that way you could adjust a "clean"
> setting with the input potted down a bit for slightly better bass
> response (although the high-pass effect of the original circuit was
> due to a lack of cathode bypassing, as the corner frequency of the
> stock values of 220nF and 330K in parallel with the grid resistance
> was below the audible range). You also might want to try even larger
> values for the coupling caps. I used AVX BQ yellow box caps, which
> go up to 1uF, but you should double-check the lead spacing.
> http://avx.com/docs/catalogs/bf-bq.pdf
>
> The distortion setting produces obvious distortion, and can produce
> oscillations and other noises at various input and feedback settings.
> The low frequency response is well below the audio range (so the
> module will
> just about work as a depth control for a fast LFO). The AC voltage
> on the grid is about 3.3 RMS. With a signal the grid measures around
> -17.6 VDC (it varies with its frequency), and without a signal the
> bias is around -14.1V.
>
> While the LPF in the CV circuit is the same as the stock circuit, the
> cathode bypass cap improves the transient response of the tube
> itself. It seems likely that rapid changes in voltage on the control
> grid (eg. an envelope with a steep attack) would cause a sudden
> demand for plate current enough to deplete the cathode, which then
> bounces back causing an unwanted noise.
>
> There is a bit of a pop or click with a fast envelope, although it is
> not any worse than most solid-state VCA's. Changing the signal grid
> bias, and switching between the two settings, also effects its CV
> response. As such, it is possible to all but eliminate any bleed,
> such that there is only a boost at the initial transient for punchy
> basses and leads. I found this while experimenting with different
> values. It would increase the distortion from the "clean" setting,
> but it would still be a very nice feature. I might add that if I can
> find a suitable SP3T switch.
>
> Regardless of the signal level on the grid, or the bias switch
> setting, the output of the tube, and therefore the module, is a bit
> below 1V RMS, as it seems that is the saturation limit of the tube.
> So while the signal on the grid is much higher for the distortion
> setting, the difference results in just that -- distortion. In fact,
> the "clean" setting measures just a bit more, although the
> "distortion" setting sounds louder to to the additional harmonics.
> Now 1V RMS is only about 2.8Vpp. Although it is enough on the
> board, I might change the gain and feedback resistors to 2K
> (resulting in about 5.6Vpp) if it seems too low to work well with my
> other modules.
>
> For those building this in other formats that might have he extra
> space, putting a bias rheostat on the panel would be a nice feature.
> Using a reversing attenuator for the second input/feedback control is
> another option, as negative feedback is also useful.
>
> So with these modifications there is very little noise, sufficient
> bandwidth, and it works fine both as a "regular" VCA and a
> distortion/waveshaper module.
>
> I am open to questions and comments.
>
>
>