<div dir="auto"><div dir="auto">If I'm not mistaken, this is the ground loop that typically brings in computer/USB noise into audio:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div>a) Computer<div dir="auto">b) USB cable to synth</div><div dir="auto">c) Digital system in synth</div><div dir="auto">d) Digital power domain in synth</div><div dir="auto">e) Analog power domain in synth</div><div dir="auto">f) Analog system in synth</div><div dir="auto">g) Analog audio cable to audio interface</div><div dir="auto">h) Analog system in audio interface</div><div dir="auto">i) Analog power domain in audio interface</div><div dir="auto">j) Digital power domain in audio interface </div><div dir="auto">k) Digital system in audio interface</div><div dir="auto">l) USB cable to computer</div><div dir="auto">a) Computer (again)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If the ground is disconnected between any two stages in this loop, the noise can go away. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Isolating USB itself at b) or l) has been mentioned, but can be problematic for higher bandwidth connections, like when streaming many channels of audio along with the MIDI data.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Isolation between d) and e), together with data isolators between c) and f), is an alternative when building synths. But it seems very rare.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Likewise, audio interfaces could have isolation between i) and j), as well as between h) and k). Do any manufacturers do it like this?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It should be mentioned that g) can also play a role here. A balanced audio connection can suppress enough of the noise in some cases where the rest is designed well - for instance by introducing a resistance instead of tight ground connection somewhere in the ground loop.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But it's all a very very hairy issue.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">/mr</div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Den fre 2 feb. 2024 12:30René Schmitz <<a href="mailto:synth@schmitzbits.de">synth@schmitzbits.de</a>> skrev:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br>
Have a seperate USB uC as a front end that has an insulation barrier to <br>
everything else.<br>
<br>
Or seperate the Audio Output. (Transformer, Optically)<br>
<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
<br>
René<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 02.02.2024 um 12:01 schrieb Vladimir Pantelic via Synth-diy:<br>
> have a look at e.g.<br>
><br>
> <a href="https://waldorfmusic.com/legacy-nw1/" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://waldorfmusic.com/legacy-nw1/</a><br>
><br>
> they explicitly state:<br>
><br>
> "...USB port with *galvanic isolation* for wavetable transfer and text <br>
> input.."<br>
><br>
><br>
> On 01.02.24 23:06, Mike Beauchamp wrote:<br>
>> I recently stumbled across this post on reddit of someone showing usb <br>
>> connection causing some serious noise: <br>
>> <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/synthesizers/comments/1aghqsa/how_to_get_rid_of_usb_noise/" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.reddit.com/r/synthesizers/comments/1aghqsa/how_to_get_rid_of_usb_noise/</a><br>
>><br>
>> Some comments suggest to use DIN MIDI instead of USB MIDI as a <br>
>> solution, but it got me wondering if there's a best practice for <br>
>> implementing MIDI OVER USB output that wouldn't cause this. MIDI spec <br>
>> includes schematics for hardware implementation of DIN MIDI <br>
>> connections as we know, including the use of opto-isolator, but I <br>
>> can't find the equivalent for the USB connection.<br>
>><br>
>> A typical USB-B connector has the following pins:<br>
>><br>
>> 1. VBUS<br>
>> 2. D-<br>
>> 3. D+<br>
>> 4. GND<br>
>> 5. SHIELD<br>
>><br>
>> How do you think these connections should be handled inside the <br>
>> synth, assuming a hostile environment where connections are also <br>
>> being made to/from a PC with audio cables, MIDI cables, power <br>
>> adapters to different outlets/circuits, etc.<br>
>><br>
>> Mike<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
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