<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi,</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, 26 Jun 2023 at 19:51, Mattias Rickardsson <<a href="mailto:mr@analogue.org">mr@analogue.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Mon, 26 Jun 2023 at 20:39, ben gebhardt via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div></div>
<div>Isn't this just the difference between phase modulation and frequency modulation?</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No, there's a derivative involved.</div><div>Frequency is the derivative of phase. Hence, </div><div>PM with a signal is the same thing as FM with the derivative of the signal.</div><div><br></div><div>Having AC coupling on linear FM inputs is because any DC component will bend the pitch away. Ideally I guess you want low enough DC-cutoff to leave your modulating signal waveforms untouched, but fast enough to get rid of DC components introduced while patching around... or something like that. :-) </div><div><br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>A DC-coupled FM input is a true FM input: you can see this if you modulate it with a square wave - the output frequency instantaneously flips between two frequencies corresponding to the modulating voltage. The voltage is directly modulating the frequency, hence FM. The downside of FM is that _any_ DC offset is going to detune your carrier oscillator. Where do these DC offsets come from? Two places: the real components (e.g., opamp offsets, which also drift with temperature) and from the modulating waveforms themselves. For example, a PWM signal has a shifting DC component that corresponds to the duty cycle.</div><div><br></div><div>When you add a DC blocking capacitor to the summing opamp input (assuming you're using an inverting opamp circuit) what you have done is create a crude differentiator. It's crude because, unlike an ideal differentiator, the gain at daylight is not infinite. Certainly the gain at DC is 0. How good a differentiator it is depends on the resistors and the opamp (and for lols, opamps are crude integrators).</div><div><br></div><div>You can really hear the difference with a slow square wave. FM sounds like a police siren (neee-naaahhhh-neee-naahhh). Whereas PM is more interesting (more like "bing...boing...bing...boing").</div><div><br></div><div>Purists will pop up and say that when the modulating signal is a sine wave there is no difference between the two, and that's fine (lets ignore the pi/2 difference between sin and cos, eh?).</div><div><br></div><div>Neil</div><div><br></div></div></div>