<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Rather than a transistor + resistor I would use a diode connected</div><div>between +5V (cathode) and Arduino input (anode). I also like to <br></div><div>split the series resistance so that one resistor will limit the</div><div>current from the input through the diodes and the second limits the current from</div><div>a clamped condition into the Arduino input.<br></div><div><br></div><div>John L<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jun 16, 2021 at 12:53 PM ShedSynth via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;" lang="EN-GB"><div class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473WordSection1"><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I hope you won't mind me exhuming my old question again.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">My friend Tim suggested using a BC557 to actively clamp the input to the supply rail:<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><img style="width: 3.5937in; height: 1.9062in;" id="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:17a1603a3f74cff311" width="345" height="183"><u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><a href="https://shedsynth.files.wordpress.com/2021/06/adsr-a-schematic-gate-to-d2-2-2.png" target="_blank">https://shedsynth.files.wordpress.com/2021/06/adsr-a-schematic-gate-to-d2-2-2.png</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">If the voltage on the emitter goes above the voltage on the base (+5V when the module is powered, 0V when not powered) the transistor will conduct to ground, clamping the input.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I believe it will clamp to Vbe (about 0.7V) above the base voltage, so I planned to use a preset resistor P1 to set the clamp within the safety limit of the Arduino inputs (VDD + 0.5V).<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I’d be interested in comments, particularly about behaviour when the circuit isn’t powered – the original question.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Thanks,<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Al<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">-----Original Message-----<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">From: ShedSynth <mailto:<a href="mailto:shedsynth@gmail.com" target="_blank">shedsynth@gmail.com</a>> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Sent: 30 May 2021 09:16<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">To: mailto:<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Subject: RE: [sdiy] Will clamping diode work when power is off?<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Thank you to everybody for the replies.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I have previously experimented with a 5.1V Zener across Arduino inputs: GATE inputs triggered successfully but CVs appeared not to be read linearly by the analog inputs.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I'll experiment with clamping each input through diodes to a Zener to 0V, if I understood that suggestion correctly.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I'll experiment to measure current through a Zener across 0V and +5V when the module is powered normally.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I hadn't understood the reason for the diodes across voltage regulators.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">The use-case is that I have two boxes which share the same 19V DC supply and are normally switched on and off together as a single unit.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I noticed the issue when I switched off the second box to fiddle with a module under test, while it was still connected to the CV from an LFO module in the first box.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">To me this seems like a common risk when fiddling, less so when actually playing any music (and for me that ratio is about 90/10%).<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">I want to mitigate against likely mistakes in the expected range -12V to +12V.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">So far I seem to have got away with it, although I'm now trying to remember when and how I broke the voltage regulator in the only Arduino that has failed on me so far - that still works on USB power, not on +12V.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Spotting the issue, and your replies, has helped me understand some fundamentals.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Thank you all again,<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Al<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">-----Original Message-----<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">From: Synth-diy <mailto:<a href="mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org" target="_blank">synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org</a>> On Behalf Of MTG<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Sent: 29 May 2021 17:46<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">To: mailto:<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Subject: Re: [sdiy] Will clamping diode work when power is off?<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">This is a cool idea, but I'm curious about the OP's problem. What's the use-case here where part of the rig is powered? Is this just power-on-off timing situation or is powering part of the system a normal part of using it?<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">On 5/29/2021 5:10 AM, S Ridley via Synth-diy wrote:<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> Another option is to invert the gate in the software, use the pin's <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> internal input pull-up and use an npn transistor to switch it to 0v.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> I suppose current might flow through the BC junction if the power is <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> off, but you'd be using a much higher base resistor on the input so <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> current through that route can be minimised.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> Steve<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">_______________________________________________<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Synth-diy mailing list<u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">mailto:<a href="mailto:Synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank">Synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText"><a href="http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy" target="_blank">http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="gmail-m_-7100488788987173473MsoPlainText">Selling or trading? 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