<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Hi Guy,</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">With a perfectly linear filter with no noise, spreading out the integrators just changes the cutoff, damping, and band pass gain of the filter compared to a regular SVF. Real world filters won't have perfectly matched cutoffs, so it's probably useful to understand the impact of this in regular SVF design as well. If cutoff1 < cutoff2 from my quick working the equations are:<br><br>cutoff_spread = sqrt(cutoff1)*sqrt(cutoff2)<br>gain_band_spread = gain_band*cutoff_spread / cutoff1<br>damping_spread = damping*cutoff_spread / cutoff1<br><br>This is probably easiest to understand with an example. If you generate a regular SVF biquad response, where the gain_low, gain_band, and gain_high are the amounts of gain applied to the low, band, and high outputs of the SVF, you have:<br>cutoff = 3000 hz<br>damping = 2<br>response = (gain_low*cutoff*cutoff + gain_band*cutoff*s + gain_high*s*s) / (cutoff*cutoff + cutoff*damping*s + s*s)<br><br>then you can match this with the spread out SVF:<br>cutoff1 = 1000 hz<br>cutoff2 = 9000 hz<br>gain_band_spread = gain_band*3<br>damping_spread = 2*3<br>response = (gain_low*cutoff1*cutoff2 + gain_band_spread*cutoff1*s + gain_high*s*s) / (cutoff1*cutoff2 + cutoff1*damping_spread*s + s*s)</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div>In an actual circuit with noise and non-linearities the filter will sound different to a regular SVF.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div><br></div><div>Andy</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, 12 Dec 2020 at 18:09, Guy McCusker <<a href="mailto:guy.mccusker@gmail.com">guy.mccusker@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">In Chris McDowell's recent thread I made an off-hand remark about<br>
setting up an SVF with different gains in the integrators. I don't<br>
know how well-known this is but I'm wondering what list members know<br>
about the history and use of this idea in synthesizers.<br>
<br>
The theory, if I have it right, is that with different integrator<br>
gains, the natural frequency is given by the geometric mean of the<br>
unity gain frequencies, and the Q is enhanced by something like the<br>
square root of the ratio of the gains. So you can vary Q without<br>
varying the bandpass feedback.<br>
<br>
The only use of this that I know about in synthesizers is the Serge<br>
Variable Slope filter (VCFS). The claimed varying slope is really<br>
varying the Q, so that the slope near the natural frequency changes;<br>
the asymptotic slope is still 12dB/Oct. Are there any other examples?<br>
Does anyone know any more of the history of this idea?<br>
<br>
Incidentally, thinking about this always makes me smile at the<br>
marketing smarts of Serge in the 1970s. He marketed three filters:<br>
variable Q filter, variable slope filter, and variable bandwidth<br>
filter. Since Q and bandwidth are the same thing (one is the<br>
reciprocal of the other), and since the variable slope filter is<br>
actually varying the Q, all three of these are in fact variable<br>
bandwidth filters... but he managed to distinguish them by calling it<br>
three different things. Smart!<br>
<br>
Guy.<br>
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