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    <p>Yep. I like to put the current limit R inside the feedback loop
      to avoid loading errors. A couple examples from a MIDI to CV I'm
      working on:<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/4/20 7:11 PM, David G Dixon
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:616EE625354A40278DB89A14EEF650F7@david78c70950b">
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      <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span class="517095900-05122020"><font
            size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000ff">If I'm generating CVs
            that are meant to be precise (as, for example, VCO
            pitch-controlling voltages from a keyboard or sequencer),
            then I take the opamp output from the other side of
            the current-limiting resistor.  I call this resistor
            an "innie" and it doesn't affect the output voltage of the
            circuit (the opamp compensates for it).  I don't want that
            damned 1k resistor dividing my carefully calibrated
            voltage. </font></span></div>
      <br>
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        <font size="2" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> Ian Fritz
          [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:ijfritz@comcast.net">mailto:ijfritz@comcast.net</a>] <br>
          <b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 04, 2020 3:47 PM<br>
          <b>To:</b> David G Dixon<br>
          <b>Cc:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
          <b>Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] CV input op-amp circuit<br>
        </font><br>
      </div>
      <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE:
        12px"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; COLOR: #000000;
          FONT-SIZE: 12px"><span style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px;
            LINE-HEIGHT: 1.6; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; FONT-STYLE:
            normal; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; COLOR:
            #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP:
            3px">[<strong>CAUTION:</strong> Non-UBC Email]</span></span></span>
      <div dir="ltr">Most of mine come from 1k output resistors.</div>
      <div dir="ltr"><br>
        <blockquote type="cite">On Dec 4, 2020, at 4:29 PM, David G
          Dixon <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:dixon@mail.ubc.ca"><dixon@mail.ubc.ca></a> wrote:<br>
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          <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span class="441122723-04122020"><font
                size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000ff">Also, most CV
                sources are coming directly from opamps,  </font></span></div>
          <div dir="ltr" class="OutlookMessageHeader" lang="en-us"
            align="left">
            <hr tabindex="-1"> <font size="2" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
              Synth-diy [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org">mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org</a>] <b>On
                Behalf Of </b>David G Dixon<br>
              <b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 04, 2020 3:24 PM<br>
              <b>To:</b> 'Ian Fritz'<br>
              <b>Cc:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
              <b>Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] CV input op-amp circuit<br>
            </font><br>
          </div>
          <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; COLOR: #000000;
            FONT-SIZE: 12px"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3;
              COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px"><span
                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.6;
                BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; FONT-STYLE: normal;
                PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; COLOR: #000000;
                FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 3px">[<strong>CAUTION:</strong>
                Non-UBC Email]</span></span></span>
          <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span class="582121723-04122020"><font
                size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000ff">Just to clarify,
                my design did not require an inverting opamp.  The
                operation was all done in a single opamp.  I just showed
                two opamps in the picture because one was processing -5V
                and other +7V, to show that the proper voltages were
                obtained.</font></span></div>
          <br>
          <div dir="ltr" class="OutlookMessageHeader" lang="en-us"
            align="left">
            <hr tabindex="-1"> <font size="2" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
              Ian Fritz [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:ijfritz@comcast.net">mailto:ijfritz@comcast.net</a>] <br>
              <b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 04, 2020 1:26 PM<br>
              <b>To:</b> David G Dixon<br>
              <b>Cc:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
              <b>Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] CV input op-amp circuit<br>
            </font><br>
          </div>
          <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; COLOR: #000000;
            FONT-SIZE: 12px"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3;
              COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px"><span
                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.6;
                BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffecb3; FONT-STYLE: normal;
                PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; COLOR: #000000;
                FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 3px">[<strong>CAUTION:</strong>
                Non-UBC Email]</span></span></span>
          <div dir="ltr">IMO, everyone should at some point go through
            the derivation of the equations for the generalized opamp
            summer. This often makes it easy to avoid using unneeded
            inverting stages. One thing to watch, though, is that the
            resulting equations assume zero impedance voltage sources
            for inputs.  Usually you have to take source impedances into
            account.</div>
          <div dir="ltr"><br>
          </div>
          <div dir="ltr">Ian</div>
          <div dir="ltr"><br>
            <blockquote type="cite">On Dec 4, 2020, at 12:03 PM, David G
              Dixon <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:dixon@mail.ubc.ca"><dixon@mail.ubc.ca></a> wrote:<br>
              <br>
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                  class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">Hello
                    Christian,</font></span></div>
              <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span
                  class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span
                  class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">It seems to
                    me that your circuit will invert the CV, which is
                    not what you want.</font></span></div>
              <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span
                  class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span
                  class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">Here's how I
                    would do it:  First, I calculated that the range of
                    -5V to +7V is 12V, and the range of 0 to 3V is 3V,
                    so you need a gain of 25%.  This alone would change
                    the range to -1.25V to +1.75V.  Hence, this needs to
                    be shifted by +1.25V.  So, you need a circuit that
                    will apply a gain of 25% and a shift of +1.25V.  I
                    am going to assume that you have a -5V reference
                    source available (or an inverted +5V reference). 
                    So, the -5V reference requires a gain of -25%.  So,
                    what circuit will apply a (non-inverting) gain of
                    25% to one input, and an (inverting) gain of -25% to
                    another input?  This one, with 5% resistors:</font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020">
                  <div><CVShifter.png></div>
                  <font size="4"><br>
                  </font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="4"><font
                      size="2">Or, a slightly more accurate version with
                      1% resistors:</font></font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="4">
                    <div><poop.png></div>
                  </font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">The
                    CV comes into the + input through a 4:1 voltage
                    divider which applies a gain of 20%.  However,
                    the 1:4 ratio of feedback to inverting input
                    resistors applies a gain of 125% to the
                    non-inverting input, and (125%)(20%) = 25%.</font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">The
                    -5V reference comes into the - input
                    through feedback/input resistor ratio of 1:4, which
                    applies an inverting gain of -25% to that voltage,
                    creating a level shift of +1.25V.</font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">The
                    convenient aspect of this is that both pairs of
                    resistors have a 4:1 ratio.  The closest 5% standard
                    values are 33k and 8.2k.  The closest 1% values are
                    102k and 25.5k.</font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"></span> </div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">Cheers,</font></span></div>
              <div><span class="945072518-04122020"><font size="2">Doc
                    Sketchy</font></span></div>
              <div dir="ltr" align="left"><br>
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              <div dir="ltr" class="OutlookMessageHeader" lang="en-us"
                align="left">
                <hr tabindex="-1"> <font size="2" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
                  Synth-diy [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org">mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org</a>] <b>On
                    Behalf Of </b>Christian Maniewski via Synth-diy<br>
                  <b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 04, 2020 5:31 AM<br>
                  <b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
                  <b>Subject:</b> [sdiy] CV input op-amp circuit<br>
                </font><br>
              </div>
              <img id="75E3E7C7EDA0AF42FB4C4E434016155C"
src="https://read-receipts.canarymail.io:8100/track/C49266956199D83F011285EF840B71C7_75E3E7C7EDA0AF42FB4C4E434016155C.png"
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              <div id="CanaryBody">
                <div>Hi all!</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>I’m trying to come up with an op-amp design for a
                  CV input. I want to transform a signal ranging from
                  -5V to +7V to a more MCU digestable 0-3.3V. I came up
                  with the circuit you’ll find attached.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>I have seen other approaches, where an offset
                  reference is injected in the feedback loop, while the
                  positive op-amp input is grounded. Are there any
                  disadvantages to my approach or is it also valid?</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Thank you so much!</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>I’ve been following this email list for some time
                  now. This is my first question and first email
                  entirely. Please bear with me.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Chris</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div id="CanarySig">
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                    <div style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><br>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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