<div dir="ltr"><div>I'm wondering, is anyone using ceramic 10uf at the power inlet of their synth modules?</div><div>Is there a good reason why it never occurred to me to try this out before?</div><div>I enjoy that the electrolytics look like proud little sentinels, but if an smd robot can deploy an equally effective 0805 ceramic, all the better.<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, May 6, 2020 at 12:41 PM Richie Burnett <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">>>> At work we have many high-end powered studio monitors. They're getting<br>
>>> up there in age and they start to hum louder and louder.<br>
>>> Guess what fixes the problem? New capacitors in the power supply.<br>
>><br>
>> It *might* work because new caps would reduce mains ripple compared to<br>
>> old ones. Hopefully! Otherwise what’s the point?!<br>
><br>
> Well, sure, so there would be an emphasis on the second harmonic in that<br>
> hum? ;)<br>
<br>
Usually mains hum on supply rails is at twice the supply frequency because<br>
most people use full-wave rectification these days. So in the UK, the<br>
fundamental of the hum would be at 100Hz, with harmonics at 200, 300, 400<br>
etc...<br>
<br>
> Then again, I’m curious why that would cause (or not) a sound - would the<br>
> current load on the transformer be that different?<br>
<br>
I'd imagine that high ESR in the smoothing caps of the PSU causes excessive<br>
ripple on the supply rails to the power amp. And this makes it's way to the<br>
loudspeaker due to poor Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) of the power<br>
amplifier.<br>
<br>
>> But I know what you mean. I’ve got an old toroidal transformer on the<br>
>> back of my desk running a test supply. You can tell by how loud it hums<br>
>> how much work it’s doing. Plugging in any circuit with a short on it<br>
>> produces a decently loud hum, and you know somethings up and to unplug it<br>
>> right away. It’s actually quite handy as a basic sanity check!<br>
<br>
When there is a heavy load on the secondary (like a short-circuit!) you get<br>
greater forces between the primary and secondary windings because their<br>
magnetic fields interact. That can make transformer "growl" under load<br>
because the force is modulated at twice the supply frequency and makes<br>
things vibrate. A small 30V/1A old-fashioned linear Thurlby power supply<br>
I've got on my desk does this. In fact you can *just* feel the vibration<br>
through the desk when you get up near full load ;-) Often transformers are<br>
dipped in a coating to stop windings and laminations from vibrating and<br>
making annoying humming/buzzing sounds.<br>
<br>
-Richie, <br>
<br>
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