<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
  </head>
  <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    <p>Because you steal from the high end what you gain in the low end.</p>
    <p>Have a look at the VCO3 at my home page for an example of a
      circuit that runs well below the LFO range even (1 cycle per 15
      Minutes!) and still uses regularly sized cap, and has a decent
      high range as well.<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 17.01.2020 um 15:43 schrieb Ben
      Bradley:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CA+wjhVtZ1KH0bca6RjthR72WKsWjQHpyPUFXAL3RYJxV_9EH3w@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="auto">That's what I was thinking, why not increase the
        timing capacitor by 100 or 1000 times.</div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jan 17, 2020, 8:07 AM
          Spiros Makris <<a href="mailto:spirosmakris92@gmail.com"
            moz-do-not-send="true">spirosmakris92@gmail.com</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
          .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="auto">It is true that a low charge current will be
            less ideal because then leakage currents etc become
            significant. They usually cause a rise to the minimum
            frequency the oscillator will still work at.
            <div dir="auto">One can lower the frequency of any similar
              oscillator by increasing the timing capacitor
              appropriately and that should not impact the tuning range
              etc (referring to caps with similar specs and different
              nominal capacitance).</div>
            <div dir="auto"><br>
            </div>
            <div dir="auto">Spiros</div>
            <div dir="auto"><br>
            </div>
          </div>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, 17 Jan 2020, 14:49
              Magnus Danielson, <<a href="mailto:magnus@rubidium.se"
                target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">magnus@rubidium.se</a>>
              wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div>
                <p>Hi,</p>
                <p>Recall that as you go for very low frequencies, you
                  get very small currents, as you have a Volt to
                  exponential Current converter followed by a Current
                  Controlled Oscillator. For the low frequencies to
                  work, it needs to be very clean for instance. It's not
                  scaled to be a LFO, you could do that, but care must
                  be taken in such an effort.<br>
                </p>
                <p>I should dig up my ASM-1 board and measure this as I
                  once intended to do. I built the ASM-1, measured it
                  with a scope to span a large range. I then got a
                  rubidium clock, a counter and a couple of DMMs and
                  intended to measure this more carefully, learned more
                  and now have a excessive time and frequency lab, but
                  still have not returned to the original project of
                  measure the ASM-1 VCO. Also got to repair the original
                  rubidium clock.</p>
                <p>Hmm, maybe I should resurrect the ASM-1 homepage I
                  maintained, just as a reference.<br>
                </p>
                <p>Cheers,<br>
                  Magnus<br>
                </p>
                <div>On 2020-01-16 17:48, Jean-Pierre Desrochers wrote:<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote type="cite">
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">Hi list,</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">I'm working on the Elby-Design
                        ASM-1 VCO</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"><a
                          href="https://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/asm-1/vco/vco-asm1-cct.pdf"
                          rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/asm-1/vco/vco-asm1-cct.pdf</a></span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">Im want to use it as a 1v/oct LFO
                        (.05hz to 20hz)</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">I first mounted the circuit on my
                        protoboard with success.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">at first I used a matched pair of
                        2N3904 for Q1A & Q1B</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">instead of the MAT02 shown in the
                        schematic.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">I could reach very low frequencies
                        (as low as .04hz).</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">But to do so I needed to replace
                        R9(56k) for a 33k temporarily. Fine. </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">This morning I replaced both 2N3904
                        with a genuine MAT-02</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">and started the same frequency
                        measurements as yesterday.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">I bumped into something weird..</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">Here are the actual measurements I
                        first did using 2x2N3904:</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">mVolt at 1k TEMPCO resistor vs
                        Sawtooth period</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">158.0mV
                        => 0.050sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">176.0mV
                        => 0.100sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">193.8mV
                        => 0.200sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">212.0mV
                        => 0.400sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">229.8mV
                        => 0.800sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">247.5mV
                        => 1.6sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">265.5mV
                        => 3.2sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">283.2mV
                        => 6.4sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">301.7mV
                        => 12.8sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">319.7mV => 25.6sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">(18mV steps, nice exponential
                        response!)</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">Now here are the actual
                        measurements with a MAT-02:</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">mVolt at 1k TEMPCO resistor vs
                        Sawtooth period</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">157.0mV
                        => 0.050sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">175.0mV
                        => 0.100sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">193.0mV
                        => 0.200sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">211.0mV
                        => 0.400sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">229.0mV
                        => 0.800sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">247.0mV
                        => 1.6sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">271.0mV => 3.2sec</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                          lang="EN-CA">*** Now trying to go further
                          increasing the TEMPCO mVolts</span></b></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                          lang="EN-CA">*** the oscillator starts backing
                          up and re-increase its frequencies !!!</span></b></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                          lang="EN-CA">*** I could not go further
                          lowering the frequency. </span></b></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">I tried 3 different MAT-02's and
                        even LM394's</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">and they all behave the same.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">Using different matched pairs of
                        2N3904 worked perfectly..</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">I suspect  MAT-02’s minimum base to
                        emitter current reached (???)</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">What am-I missing here ??</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"
                        lang="EN-CA">By the way, all the IC's I'm using
                        here are genuine one's</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">(TL082,
                        MAT-02, CA3140, LM311).</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">JP</span></p>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <fieldset></fieldset>
                  <pre>_______________________________________________
Synth-diy mailing list
<a href="mailto:Synth-diy@synth-diy.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>
<a href="http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy</a>
</pre>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
              _______________________________________________<br>
              Synth-diy mailing list<br>
              <a href="mailto:Synth-diy@synth-diy.org" rel="noreferrer
                noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
              <a href="http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy"
                rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"
                moz-do-not-send="true">http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy</a><br>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          _______________________________________________<br>
          Synth-diy mailing list<br>
          <a href="mailto:Synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank"
            rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">Synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
          <a href="http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy"
            rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"
            moz-do-not-send="true">http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy</a><br>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
Synth-diy mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Synth-diy@synth-diy.org">Synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy">http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
  </body>
</html>