<div dir="auto">Hi Richie, <div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Indeed it concerns FM, mostly. And perhaps, theoretically, the low end tightness. I recently read a great article in sound on sound about a new HD audio codec that aims to improve aliasing as well as low frequency phase issues and ringing that normally come with a typical anti alias filter in or post a dac. I assume novation's approach also improves that. Although i have no idea how therotical this is: if it can be measured, if it makes an audible difference. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best, </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Rutger </div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">Op 21 apr. 2017 13:13 schreef <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>>:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Yeah, it's an interesting way to tackle the aliasing issue. As Tom and others pointed out, raising the sample rate up to 24MHz doesn't completely eliminate aliasing for naïve generated sawtooths and pulses, but the high sample rate means that by the time the harmonics alias back into the audio spectrum they're at least 60dB down, and probably more like 75dB down for the highest pitches that people typically play in a music intended for human consumption (4kHz/24Mhz).<br>
<br>
The NCO/DDS technique isn't new. It was used in the SID, Paul Maddox's excellent Monowave and 002 synths, and I believe it was used in the "DCO" chip in Roland's alpha-juno series of hybrid synths back in 1985. I've had discussions with Tom W about this off-list and did some tests on my alpha juno and we came to the conclusion that the "DCO" chip in these synths generated the waveforms digitally using an NCO outputting at a sample rate of 6MHz. So I guess that the increase of sample rate from 6MHz to 24Mhz in 32 years isn't unfeasible!<br>
<br>
With the alpha juno you can clearly see the aliased harmonics of very high pitched notes on a spectrum analyser at about -58dB relative to the fundamental. However, I believe there's also a trick where you can apply a *very tiny* amount of random Frequency Modulation to the NCO that causes imperceptible pitch modulation in the audio part of the spectrum. However, it is enough to spread the energy in those upper harmonics around 24MHz (that alias into the audio band) so that they blend into each other and produce a lower and more even white noise floor rather than a series of objectionable inharmonic spikes across the audio spectrum. I would imagine that Novation are doing this too, since -60dB alias suppression is nothing spectacular compared to what can be achieved at a sample rate of 96kHz using BLIT/BLEP/whatever on a general purpose DSP.<br>
<br>
Rutger wrote "I'm particularly interested in how high-frequency interactions between NCOs are going to sound on this machine. I suspect FM and RingMod will be pretty smooth, as these interactions make aliasing effects more pronounced." I think you are right and this is where the technique actually shines. RingMod isn't a problem, but FM produces an infinite spectrum of harmonics, so whatever sample rate you use it will alias to some extent, but the higher the better obviously.<br>
<br>
The part that I thought was particularly clever was the dithering of the oscillator waveforms at 24MHz sample-rate down to a single-bit "bitstream" / "DSD" output within the FPGA, to mitigate the need for a high-speed multi-bit DAC that can settle fast enough to handle the 24MHz sample-rate. Again, the dithering and noise-shaping stuff isn't anything new, but it all seems to fit well together as a package for their application.<br>
<br>
As for the reverb being done in the FPGA, that's almost surely the best way. General purpose DSP chips aren't optimised for reverb (except maybe the FV-1 and Wavefront chips) but you can build the DSP core that you wish you had with an FPGA and make it optimised for hundreds of allpass filters or whatever you want for your reverb.<br>
<br>
Definitely an interesting time for synth design :-)<font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
-Richie,</font><div class="elided-text"><br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Synth-diy mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank">Synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a><br>
<a href="http://synth-diy.org/mailman/listinfo/synth-diy" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://synth-diy.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/synth-diy</a><br>
</div></blockquote></div><br></div>