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Actually from JOS</div>
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"A <i>Digital <a class="OWAAutoLink" id="OWAc3207788-adbb-e9a1-499e-a4e015b164ab" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguide">
Waveguide</a> Network</i> (DWN) consists of any number of digital waveguides interconnected by
<a class="OWAAutoLink" id="OWA014dee9c-32dd-5ff2-a1fa-3954a09d50b3" href="https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/pasp/Scattering_Impedance_Changes.html">
scattering junctions</a>"</div>
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However the term outside of audio is Digital Waveguide Mesh.</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Synth-diy <synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org> on behalf of Josh Nursing via Synth-diy <synth-diy@synth-diy.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 04 January 2026 16:24<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Synth DIY <synth-diy@synth-diy.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] Karplus-Strong overblowing?</font>
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<div dir="ltr">The term is Digital Waveguides not 'Waveguide Digital Networks'. J.O.S. is definitely the Canonical reference online although there's a massive amount of maths involved in his texts.Perry Cook also does some very good texts on those types of
structures including wind instruments.
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<div>Get the structure right, and you'll probably find that the overblowing behaviour is then totally emergent from the model itself.<br>
<br>
DWs were used in Yamaha VL1 and VP1 (later VL70m too) AFAIK.<br>
<br>
It's fun stuff with particularly interesting tones for me but I do not necessarily look for emulative acoustic tones but rather Synthetic/Electronic tones with some 'material / structural realism' built-in. In other words, 'Syncoustic'.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Josh</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Sun, 4 Jan 2026 at 09:03, Mattias Rickardsson <<a href="mailto:mr@analogue.org">mr@analogue.org</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div dir="auto">Richie - Good points about the need of nonlinearities and the advice about Waveguide Digital Networks.
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<div dir="auto">Overblowing should result in octaving behaviors, right? Then it's not enough to suppress the fundamental, but all the odd partials should get weaker and the even ones (the next octave) get stronger. Some nonlinearity then needs to favor the
even ones. </div>
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<div dir="auto">/mr</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">Den lör 3 jan. 2026 13:48 <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" target="_blank">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>> skrev:<br>
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The original KS model is very basic as others have said. It really just <br>
models a single "round trip" delay with some (frequency-selective) <br>
damping and possibly some dispersion in the loop. That's fine for <br>
modelling things that are struck or plucked with transients like <br>
strings.<br>
<br>
I believe wind instruments are more accurately modelled by Waveguide <br>
Digital Networks. These are networks of bi-directional delay lines <br>
coupled together by "scattering junctions." The scattering junctions or <br>
nodes determine how much of the output of one delay line couples into <br>
the next, how much reflects back into the original delay line <br>
(propogating in the opposite direction,) and how much is absorbed (lost <br>
to heat, radiated, whatever.)<br>
<br>
Then at the ends of the model you have non-linearities that control how <br>
the pressure waves interact with the Reed and blowing pressure at the <br>
blown end of the instrument, and the outside air pressure at the, erm, <br>
bell end ;-))<br>
<br>
I think its these non-linearities at the ends that will be critical for <br>
modelling overblown behaviour. The overall model must be non-linear if <br>
the behaviour changes when the amplitude of the excitation changes. <br>
Otherwise the strongly blown sound wound just be a louder, but otherwise <br>
identical, version of the softly blown sound. There wouldn't be a shift <br>
to a different resonant mode when over-excited.<br>
<br>
Waveguide Digital Networks and physical modelling aren't really my <br>
thing, so i wont say any more as could be misleading or plain wrong. I'd <br>
do some reading of the physical modelling literature by Julius Orion <br>
Smith if you're into the theory. Or alternatively string together some <br>
delay lines and play about with scattering nodes, filters and <br>
non-linearities at the ends if you're into the practical/coding side. <br>
"Reed tables" appear to be one way to model the non-linear behaviour of <br>
the reed to pressure differences.<br>
<br>
I hope this is some help. Interested to read other's comments and <br>
suggestions.<br>
<br>
-Richie,<br>
<br>
<br>
>>> Am 02.01.26 um 10:56 schrieb cheater cheater via Synth-diy:<br>
>>>> Does Karplus-Strong synthesis allow for overblowing? Are there any<br>
>>>> modifications to it that allow it?<br>
>>>> <br>
>>>> Overblowing is when you blow into a reed instrument too hard and<br>
>>>> essentially the fundamental becomes much weaker and the higher<br>
>>>> partials become much stronger, kind of "overdriven".<br>
>>>> <br>
>>>> Thanks<br>
>> <br>
>> <br>
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