<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">The keyboard DAC only needs to cover however many notes the keyboard can provide. For a monosynth, this typically isn't many. The Sequential Pro-One that I mentioned earlier for example has a 3 octave keyboard (so 37 notes) and the transpose function allows the processor to shift this up or down by an octave either way. Hence to 0-3V of the keyboard becomes 0-5V at the DAC (how convenient!). But the required resolution is still only 61 notes, so it's only using 6 bits of the 8-bit resolution it has. Similarly, the SH-101 uses a 6-bit DAC.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">For octave shifting, a +1V octave reference that can then be added on the required number of times is a pretty common solution for this. Rather than try and find accurate weighted resistors, a common strategy is to parallel up a number of high accuracy resistors. So if 100K into a op-amp mixer with 100K in the feedback loop gives you 1V, then 2 x 100K in parallel will give you 2V, 3 x 100K in parallel will give you 3V, etc.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">HTH,</div><div class="">Tom</div><div class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 17 May 2025, at 00:10, drheqx <<a href="mailto:drheqx@gmail.com" class="">drheqx@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="auto" class="">Brilliant. I'll give them a cleaning later on, but for now i have to design the circuit. Definitely have to think about the scaling and the variety of cv ranges that might be needed. </div><div dir="auto" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" class="">O to 5 , -5 to +5, 0 to 10 and -10 to + 10</div><div dir="auto" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" class="">Obviously analog mostly scaling but the dac output has to be scaled according to how many octaves are needed. I have to think about this a bit more. If the synth can do 10 octaves but you only have 44 keys then you'll need some code and an input control to shift the keys up and down in some orderly way. I've never built this kind of thing. </div><div dir="auto" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" class="">Mike</div><div class=""><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 5:22 PM Mike Bryant <<a href="mailto:mbryant@futurehorizons.com" class="">mbryant@futurehorizons.com</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204)">
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Palladium would make a lot more sense than chrome (which doesn't conduct well). It's not quite as resistant to oxidisation as gold but near enough and was much cheaper back then. </div>
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But anyway just clean it carefully.</div>
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<div dir="ltr" id="m_-8594736552786179975divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class=""><b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">From:</b> Tom Wiltshire <<a href="mailto:tom@electricdruid.net" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">tom@electricdruid.net</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Sent:</b> 16 May 2025 21:46<br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">To:</b> drheqx <<a href="mailto:drheqx@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">drheqx@gmail.com</a>>; drheqx via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Cc:</b> Mike Bryant <<a href="mailto:mbryant@futurehorizons.com" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">mbryant@futurehorizons.com</a>>; <a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a> Burnett <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>></span></div></div><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" id="m_-8594736552786179975divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class=""><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] Hammond Aurora Keybeds</span></div></div><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" id="m_-8594736552786179975divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class=""></span>
<div class=""> </div>
</div></div><div dir="ltr" class="">
<div class="">Didn't Hammond use palladium not gold? So it doesn't look like much (sort of dull silver colour), but actually, it's the same clean metal surface in was in 1940 when they put it together.</div>
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</div>
<div class="">But yes, they still get crap on them, but generally cleaning with a a cotton bud and alcohol is enough. Certainly don't use anything abrasive - that'll scrape off the expensive palladium plating.</div>
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<blockquote class="">
<div class="">On 16 May 2025, at 18:32, drheqx via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWAebff3fb6-a5b9-0ce9-68e9-af5642ac2cea" target="_blank" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">The key wires are flat and bend quite a bit. Look like chrome plated actually but the wire buss is not gold plated for sure. </div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">I have to give them a good cleaning first and then I'll look at them with a magnifier to see what's really going on. </div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 8:42 AM Mike Bryant <<a href="mailto:mbryant@futurehorizons.com" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA7e6c6edc-9bb2-1459-0bac-13b6df218520" target="_blank" class="">mbryant@futurehorizons.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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Are you sure they'll be oxidised ? The ones I used back in 70s all had gold plated wires and busses so they couldn't oxidise. MIght be a bit of crap on them but never anything worse.</div>
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<div id="m_-8594736552786179975x_m_5967932626452641520divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class=""><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""><b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">From:</b> Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA578a6035-4103-f7e9-7c6c-079449fa0b62" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org</a>>
on behalf of drheqx via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWAbf2f980c-3a30-4640-77fb-c65714a9d5c8" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Sent:</b> 16 May 2025 13:07<br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">To:</b> <a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA72559e11-1a97-b42e-63d8-6b647098d268" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a> <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA6aee7afe-65ec-2283-d5d6-503a6bd6d149" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Cc:</b> synth-diy mailing list <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWAddad366c-2d67-3217-6ea1-3f8477eca17d" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] Hammond Aurora Keybeds</span>
<div class=""> </div>
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr" class="">Yes sir, and they are. They're not the multi-bus wire type but they are direct metal strip on wire and they're going to be oxidized to a certain degree. </div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 6:17 AM <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA38404100-7ed5-b314-96bb-cc367843db2d" target="_blank" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">You can also do whatever flavour of switch de-bouncing that you want in<br class="">
software, if the key contacts are a bit old and scratchy!<br class="">
<br class="">
-Richie,<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
On 2025-05-16 03:54, Ben Bradley via Synth-diy wrote:<br class="">
> "Each key closes a switch to a common bus."<br class="">
><br class="">
> There's a couple things you need to make a "true analog" mono<br class="">
> keyboard. First is a constant current source to drive the resistor<br class="">
> divider, so that when more than one key is pressed the voltage remains<br class="">
> that of the lowest or highest key (unless you WANT a weird off-pitch<br class="">
> note effect when pressing more than one key). The other is a separate<br class="">
> switch at every key that closes AFTER the key that gives the pitch<br class="">
> voltage as the key goes down, so that the proper voltage is sampled<br class="">
> and kept when the key is released. This is also the gate/trigger<br class="">
> output. Presuming there are several common busses, you need to bend<br class="">
> the contacts on each key to make sure these close in proper sequence.<br class="">
><br class="">
> I don't see a problem of being off-pitch with a resistive divider, as<br class="">
> 1 percent resistors are cheap thesedays, whereas 1970s keyboards may<br class="">
> have used 5, 10 or even 20 percent tolerance resistors.<br class="">
><br class="">
> But still, I'd as soon make a digital circuit to scan/read all the<br class="">
> separate inputs, one for each key, scan it into a buffer with a<br class="">
> microcontroller and do the highest/lowest/latest keydown logic in<br class="">
> software and the usual DAC for control voltage output.<br class="">
><br class="">
> On Wed, 14 May 2025 at 22:54, drheqx via Synth-diy<br class="">
> <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA9c3a466d-26f3-e84f-a35a-bb9e4327df42" target="_blank" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>> wrote:<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> Hi all,<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> I have the keybeds and draw bars etc. from a Hammond Aurora organ.<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> These are not matrix type keybeds. Each key closes a switch to a<br class="">
>> common bus.<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> Is this a good time for me to consider doing a volt<br class="">
>> /octave keyboard controller?<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> I definitely don't want to midify these. That would be a waste. I<br class="">
>> was considering building a voice per key synth because i love these<br class="">
>> key beds and it would be so unique, but I'm short on time like so many<br class="">
>> of us.<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> Anyone know of a good kit to make a 1v/ oct controller, maybe with<br class="">
>> some added features.<br class="">
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<div dir="ltr" id="m_-8594736552786179975divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class=""><b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">From:</b> Tom Wiltshire <<a href="mailto:tom@electricdruid.net" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">tom@electricdruid.net</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Sent:</b> 16 May 2025 21:46<br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">To:</b> drheqx <<a href="mailto:drheqx@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">drheqx@gmail.com</a>>; drheqx via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Cc:</b> Mike Bryant <<a href="mailto:mbryant@futurehorizons.com" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">mbryant@futurehorizons.com</a>>; <a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a> Burnett <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>></span></div></div><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" id="m_-8594736552786179975divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class=""><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] Hammond Aurora Keybeds</span>
<div class=""> </div>
</div>
<div class="">Didn't Hammond use palladium not gold? So it doesn't look like much (sort of dull silver colour), but actually, it's the same clean metal surface in was in 1940 when they put it together.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">But yes, they still get crap on them, but generally cleaning with a a cotton bud and alcohol is enough. Certainly don't use anything abrasive - that'll scrape off the expensive palladium plating.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<blockquote class="">
<div class="">On 16 May 2025, at 18:32, drheqx via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA006be12b-7886-6ad3-884f-7b051e3cfc81" target="_blank" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>> wrote:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr" class="">The key wires are flat and bend quite a bit. Look like chrome plated actually but the wire buss is not gold plated for sure. </div>
<div style="direction:ltr" class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr" class="">I have to give them a good cleaning first and then I'll look at them with a magnifier to see what's really going on. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr" class="">On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 8:42 AM Mike Bryant <<a href="mailto:mbryant@futurehorizons.com" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA84b523e1-dba5-ddcc-ad5a-af0d985ec610" target="_blank" class="">mbryant@futurehorizons.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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Are you sure they'll be oxidised ? The ones I used back in 70s all had gold plated wires and busses so they couldn't oxidise. MIght be a bit of crap on them but never anything worse.</div>
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<div id="m_-8594736552786179975x_m_5967932626452641520divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class=""><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""><b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">From:</b> Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA81d0c403-87d0-d640-9953-dea9adfd1781" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy-bounces@synth-diy.org</a>>
on behalf of drheqx via Synth-diy <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA66ddadaf-116b-9dfc-7b06-ab563bbc5f0b" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Sent:</b> 16 May 2025 13:07<br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">To:</b> <a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA5caa7297-49fc-70ae-94af-8b3f330fe7a6" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a> <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA3acbc70f-7ac7-4d4e-c910-69854b50e3e3" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Cc:</b> synth-diy mailing list <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWAb4f371b0-0ca2-a629-796d-e66b52ba60d8" target="_blank" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>><br class="">
<b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Subject:</b> Re: [sdiy] Hammond Aurora Keybeds</span>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">Yes sir, and they are. They're not the multi-bus wire type but they are direct metal strip on wire and they're going to be oxidized to a certain degree. </div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 6:17 AM <<a href="mailto:rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWAd04aacca-43ea-cd77-7907-017bcfa99bfc" target="_blank" class="">rburnett@richieburnett.co.uk</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr" class="">You can also do whatever flavour of switch de-bouncing that you want in<br class="">
software, if the key contacts are a bit old and scratchy!<br class="">
<br class="">
-Richie,<br class="">
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<br class="">
<br class="">
On 2025-05-16 03:54, Ben Bradley via Synth-diy wrote:<br class="">
> "Each key closes a switch to a common bus."<br class="">
><br class="">
> There's a couple things you need to make a "true analog" mono<br class="">
> keyboard. First is a constant current source to drive the resistor<br class="">
> divider, so that when more than one key is pressed the voltage remains<br class="">
> that of the lowest or highest key (unless you WANT a weird off-pitch<br class="">
> note effect when pressing more than one key). The other is a separate<br class="">
> switch at every key that closes AFTER the key that gives the pitch<br class="">
> voltage as the key goes down, so that the proper voltage is sampled<br class="">
> and kept when the key is released. This is also the gate/trigger<br class="">
> output. Presuming there are several common busses, you need to bend<br class="">
> the contacts on each key to make sure these close in proper sequence.<br class="">
><br class="">
> I don't see a problem of being off-pitch with a resistive divider, as<br class="">
> 1 percent resistors are cheap thesedays, whereas 1970s keyboards may<br class="">
> have used 5, 10 or even 20 percent tolerance resistors.<br class="">
><br class="">
> But still, I'd as soon make a digital circuit to scan/read all the<br class="">
> separate inputs, one for each key, scan it into a buffer with a<br class="">
> microcontroller and do the highest/lowest/latest keydown logic in<br class="">
> software and the usual DAC for control voltage output.<br class="">
><br class="">
> On Wed, 14 May 2025 at 22:54, drheqx via Synth-diy<br class="">
> <<a href="mailto:synth-diy@synth-diy.org" id="m_-8594736552786179975OWA48c1d985-57af-9b94-584c-6af840654159" target="_blank" class="">synth-diy@synth-diy.org</a>> wrote:<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> Hi all,<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> I have the keybeds and draw bars etc. from a Hammond Aurora organ.<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> These are not matrix type keybeds. Each key closes a switch to a<br class="">
>> common bus.<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> Is this a good time for me to consider doing a volt<br class="">
>> /octave keyboard controller?<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> I definitely don't want to midify these. That would be a waste. I<br class="">
>> was considering building a voice per key synth because i love these<br class="">
>> key beds and it would be so unique, but I'm short on time like so many<br class="">
>> of us.<br class="">
>><br class="">
>> Anyone know of a good kit to make a 1v/ oct controller, maybe with<br class="">
>> some added features.<br class="">
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